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      January 29, 2020

      Nrf2 Signaling and the Slowed Aging Phenotype: Evidence from Long-Lived Models

      Abstract

      Studying long-lived animals provides novel insight into shared characteristics of aging and represents a unique model to elucidate approaches to prevent chronic disease. Oxidant stress underlies many chronic diseases and resistance to stress is a potential mechanism governing slowed aging. The transcription factor nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 is the “master regulator” of cellular antioxidant defenses. Nrf2 is upregulated by some longevity promoting interventions and may play a role in regulating species longevity. However, Nrf2 expression and activity in long-lived models have not been well described. Here, we review evidence for altered Nrf2 signaling in a variety of slowed aging models that accomplish lifespan extension via pharmacological, nutritional, evolutionary, genetic, and presumably epigenetic means.

      1. Introduction

      The incidence of chronic disease increases with age. Understanding the relationships between the processes of aging and age-related diseases is an important initiative of the National Institutes of Health to improve the health of the aging population [1]. Slowing the aging process limits the burden of age-related chronic disease [2]. Identifying characteristics that slow aging may also provide approaches for preventing chronic diseases. Animals with increased lifespan aid in understanding the aging process by allowing the study of physiological and biochemical adaptations associated with slowed aging. Further, studying characteristics shared among long-lived models provides insight into pathways that are key to slowing the aging process and age-associated chronic diseases.

      Lifespan can be extended by genetic, dietary, and pharmacological interventions. Additionally, multiple species have independently evolved long lifespan, including humans and naked mole rats, both of which live more than four times longer than predicted by body size [3]. Some of the earliest discoveries of lifespan extension were single-gene mutations associated with the insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-1) and growth hormone (GH) pathways. These mice, including the Snell dwarf [4], are smaller than their heterozygote counterparts and significantly longer-lived, some by 40% or more compared with controls. Long-term caloric restriction is the most consistent dietary manipulation to extend lifespan and recent evidence suggests that short-term transient nutrition restriction prior to weaning, accomplished by litter enlargement, also increases mean and maximal lifespan in mice [5]. Pharmaceutical manipulation of lifespan is in its infancy, with evidence that rapamycin can extend lifespan in mice [6].

      It is well established that oxidant stress increases with age across a variety of tissues, including cardiac [7] and skeletal muscle [8], liver [9], and brain [10], and is associated with a wide variety of chronic age-related diseases including cancer, neurodegeneration, sarcopenia, and cardiovascular disease. Although the oxidative stress theory of aging has received criticism [11], it remains true that oxidant stress is associated with the aging process. In response to oxidative stress, cells upregulate antioxidant pathways, including activation of the transcription factor nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2), the master regulator of antioxidant defenses and the proposed “master regulator” of the aging process [3]. Further, the therapeutic potential of Nrf2 is well supported in neurodegeneration and cancer (reviewed in [12, 13]), highlighting a role for Nrf2 in attenuating age-related chronic disease. Below, we will review what is known about Nrf2 in four models of lifespan extension: caloric restriction, rapamycin feeding, short-term nutrition restriction, and the Snell dwarf mouse. Further, we will discuss what is known about Nrf2 in the exceptionally long-lived naked mole rat and in humans who show enhanced longevity, with the overall goal of describing Nrf2 signaling in longevity interventions and in naturally occurring models of long life.

      2. Nrf2 Signaling Basics

      A member of the basic leucine zipper transcription factor family, Nrf2, controls both basal and inducible expression of over 200 target genes. When cellular stress is low, Nrf2 is sequestered in the cytoplasm by its involvement in an inactive complex with the actin-binding protein Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1). Under these conditions, Keap1 targets Nrf2 for ubiquitination and degradation by the 26S proteasome system, resulting in basal low-level expression of Nrf2 [14]. However, when activated, Nrf2 translocates to the nucleus and transcriptionally upregulates its cytoprotective transcriptional program through binding to the antioxidant response element (ARE) in the promoter region of its target genes. Activation by reactive oxygen species (ROS) is the best understood mechanism of Nrf2 activation. Oxidant exposure modifies cysteine residues on Keap1 resulting in conformational changes that protect Nrf2 from targeting for ubiquitination and degradation [15], thus resulting in Nrf2 accumulation and activation. In addition to ROS and electrophilic species, Nrf2 can also be activated by phytochemicals [16–18], as well as various pharmaceuticals (reviewed in [19]) via overlapping and distinct mechanisms.

      Nrf2 target genes exhibit antioxidant properties and facilitate cellular responses against xenobiotics. Antioxidant enzymes include NAD(P)H dehydrogenase quinone 1 (NQO1), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), peroxiredoxin 1 (Prdx1), superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD-1), and many enzymes involved in glutathione synthesis such as glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) and glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier (GCLM), the rate-limiting step in glutathione synthesis (reviewed in [20]). In addition, the cytoprotective properties of Nrf2 activation extend beyond these classic target genes, as other ARE-containing genes exhibit anti-inflammatory activity [21] and autophagic properties [22] and aid in proteasomal removal of oxidative damaged proteins [23]. Nrf2 also regulates its own expression. Two ARE-like motifs in the 5′flanking region of the Nrf2 promoter are responsible for the induction of Nrf2 upon activation [24], ensuring a feed-forward process with Nrf2 activation promoting its own expression and thus facilitating a profound cellular response to stress.

      Studies of Nrf2 knockout animals highlight the importance of Nrf2 in cytoprotection. These animals display a diminished ability to activate prosurvival genes [30] and are more susceptible to a wide range of stressors including hyperoxia, lipopolysaccharide, cigarette smoke, and UV irradiation, as well as various chemical insults [31]. Nrf2 knockout animals display diminished basal activity of Nrf2-regulated antioxidant enzymes [30], as well as inducible targets. In a transcriptional analysis of Nrf2 target genes, treatment with the Nrf2 activator 3H-1,2-dithiole-3-thione (D3T) induced 292 genes in wild type animals, compared to only 15 in Nrf2 knockout mice [32]. Together, investigations of Nrf2 knockout animals demonstrate diminished basal and inducible gene programs, as well as increased sensitivity to cell stresses, and support Nrf2 as an important transcriptional regulator of the cytoprotective program.

      3. Nrf2 and Aging

      The role of Nrf2 in responding to cytotoxic stressors is well defined. However, only within the last few years have studies elucidated how Nrf2 function changes with age and how changes in Nrf2 activity contribute to the aging phenotype. Aging is sufficient to diminish cardiac Nrf2-ARE binding activity [7], and aged Nrf2 knockout mice exhibit decreased expression of antioxidant target genes [8]. Disruptions in Nrf2-Keap1 signaling have been reported in skeletal muscle from sedentary older humans [33] and cardiac muscle from aging rats [7]. Impaired liver Nrf2 transcriptional activity in old rats results in glutathione depletion and significant downregulation of Nrf2-regulated glutathione biosynthetic enzymes [34]. Aged mice show similar losses in cellular redox capacity to those observed in Nrf2 knockout mice [34, 35], suggesting that Nrf2 dysregulation with age may be responsible for the loss of cellular redox status. Diminished Nrf2 target gene expression with age is accompanied by increased muscle ROS production, glutathione depletion, and increased oxidant damage to proteins, DNA, and lipids in both humans [33] and rodents [34]. Therefore, given that Nrf2 activity decreases with age alongside increased oxidant stress, interventions that activate Nrf2 may impact the aging process and longevity.

      Support for the role of Nrf2 in regulation of lifespan comes from Nrf2 gain of function and loss of function studies. For example, experimental deletion of the antielectrophilic gene glutathione transferase (gGsta4) activated Nrf2 and significantly extended lifespan in mice [36]. This mutation increased electrophilic lipid peroxidation products and increased nuclear Nrf2 activity by 43% and 38% in liver and skeletal muscle, respectively. The authors propose that deletion of this glutathione transferase gene resulted in chronic moderate Nrf2 activation and presumably elevated downstream Nrf2 signaling throughout the mouse lifespan. Studies of the Nrf2 homolog SKN-1 in Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) and the Drosophila homolog CncC further suggest that Nrf2 may be implicated in longevity processes. Upon activation, SKN-1 and CncC upregulate genes involved in the oxidative stress response, including many orthologs to those regulated by mammalian Nrf2 [37, 38]. Similar to mouse Nrf2 knockouts, SKN-1 mutants show diminished resistance to oxidative stress and shortened lifespan. On the other hand, moderate overexpression of a constitutively active SKN-1 increases lifespan, alongside increased resistance to oxidative stress [37]. Similarly, Keap1 loss-of-function mutations extend the lifespan of male Drosophila [38]. Various lifespan extending genetic manipulations in C. elegans require SKN-1. Dietary restriction activates SKN-1, and expression of the transcription factor in C. elegans neuronal cells is required for longevity to be extended by dietary restriction [39]. The long-lived daf-2 (nematode homologue of FOXO) mutant increases lifespan in part through resultant activation of SKN-1 [40]. Together, what is known about Nrf2 and aging, alongside preliminary studies of the role of Nrf2 and SKN-1 in cytoprotection, suggests that loss of Nrf2 is important in age-associated declines in oxidant stress resistance, and perhaps in the aging pathology itself.

      4. Nrf2 in Long-Lived Models

      4.1. Naked Mole Rat

      The naked mole rat is an exceptionally long-lived species, with a lifespan four times longer than similarly sized rodents, thus making the naked mole rat an important model for longevity studies [41]. Naked mole rats do not have typical lifespan curves in which mortality rates increase with age, but rather they experience few of the biological changes typically associated with aging such as decreased metabolic rate, body composition changes, and declines in genomic and proteomic integrity [42]. Naked mole rats are resistant to age-associated diseases such as cancer [43], cardiac diastolic dysfunction [44], and neurodegenerative diseases [45]. Thus, the naked mole rat represents a naturally occurring, unique model of healthy aging.

      Surprisingly, early studies of naked mole rats revealed that they have higher levels of oxidative damage, including lipid peroxidation products, protein carbonyls, and oxidative DNA modification in the liver, compared to shorter-lived mouse controls [46]. Subsequent comparisons of young and old naked mole rats revealed a striking difference between age-associated changes in oxidative stress markers [47]. While macromolecular oxidant damage increases with age in mice, as it does in humans, naked mole rats maintain high levels of oxidative damage throughout their lifespan, similar to those observed in old mice [47]. In fact, few genes show differential expression between young and old animals, as assessed by transcriptome analyses in the brain, liver, and kidney from 4- and 20-month-old naked mole rats [26]. Therefore, while naked mole rats from a young age contain higher levels of oxidative damage than shorter-lived control mice, the typical age-associated increase in damage is blunted in this species, suggesting maintenance of oxidant stress defenses over time.

      Naked mole rats also have significantly elevated proteasome quality control mechanisms [25]. The high breakdown and clearance of damaged proteins is suspected to be largely due to increased Nrf2 expression, as Nrf2 regulates the transcription of α and β subunits of the 26S proteasome, as well as the selective autophagy cargo protein p62 [48–50]. In support of the hypothesized role of Nrf2 in naked mole rat longevity, under nonstressed conditions, naked mole rats have greater protein levels of Nrf2 including nuclear Nrf2, elevated Nrf2-ARE binding activity, and greater expression of Nrf2-regulated enzymes in fibroblasts and liver [51, 52]. These data suggest Nrf2 may be responsible for the heightened quality control mechanisms in naked mole rats and may be associated with their exceptional longevity.

      4.2. Caloric Restriction

      Caloric restriction (CR), a decrease in caloric intake without malnutrition, is the most consistent and robust means to increase lifespan across species, from flies to rodents [53], as well as nonhuman primate models [54]. Additionally, CR imparts slowed aging effects and delays the incidence of age-related disease [55]. Although the mechanisms underlying the effects of CR on longevity remain largely unknown, protection against carcinogenesis [56], reduced insulin/insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling [57], and prolonged survival [53] are documented. In addition, CR improves cellular adaptation to stress [58], as evidenced by liver mitochondria isolated from CR rats which show delayed opening of the mitochondrial transition pore upon oxidative challenge [58]. In an elegant study using sera collected from humans practicing long-term CR compared to sera collected from age- and sex-matched individuals following a typical western diet, treatment of cultured human primary fibroblasts with CR sera significantly upregulated gene expression of stress-response genes and enhanced tolerance to oxidants [59]. CR decreases ROS production, enhances the plasma membrane redox system, improves insulin signaling, and attenuates inflammation [27], all of which have been associated with improved age-related disease outcomes.

      Many of the positive outcomes of CR have been associated with Nrf2 activation. For example, a variety of carcinogens activate Nrf2 and the ARE, protecting against carcinogenesis [60]. Changes in insulin levels, such as those elicited by fasting, elicit a small acute oxidant stress and subsequent activation of Nrf2 and its targets [61]. CR prevents the age-induced loss of cellular antioxidant capacity, in part due to increased levels of Nrf2 targets NQO1 and GSTs in brain and liver [62, 63]. In cerebral vascular endothelial cells, CR prevents the age-related decline in Nrf2 activity. Further, CR upregulates Nrf2 expression in old mice to a level that surpasses that of young ad libitum (AL) fed animals [64], highlighting the importance of Nrf2 with aging and its potential activation by longevity promoting interventions. Several proposed CR mimetics, such as resveratrol, quercetin, and curcumin [65], act to increase lifespan and slow aging at least in part through activation of Nrf2 [28, 66–68]. We assessed Nrf2 signaling in cardiac muscle from 7-month-old animals that underwent lifelong 40% reduction in caloric intake compared to mice fed AL. We found Nrf2 protein expression to be unchanged by CR. However, NQO1 and SOD-1 were significantly upregulated (Figure 1) in CR, suggesting that a lifelong reduction in caloric intake may activate Nrf2 and be implicated in longevity in these animals.

      Figure 1 
      Nrf2 regulated protein expression in cardiac muscle from lifelong calorically restricted mice. Nrf2 was not different compared to ad libitum (AL) mice, while NQO1 and SOD-1 were significantly higher in cardiac muscle from CR mice compared to AL. Nrf2, NQO1, and SOD-1 were analyzed by western blotting and normalized to tubulin, shown below the proteins from each blot. Data are expressed as a ratio of target protein to tubulin (mean ± SEM). males in each condition. Lifelong B6D2F1 CR mice were maintained at the NIA colony at 40% food restriction compared with AL. Male mice were purchased at 6 months of age and divided into AL and CR groups. CR animals were maintained on NIH-31/NIA Fortified Diet, whereas AL animals were maintained on NIH-31 diet.

      Despite the positive associations between CR and Nrf2, the seminal study of Nrf2 and CR-induced lifespan extension is conflicting [69]. At 20 weeks of age, male and female Nrf2 knockout and wild type mice initiated a 40% reduction in caloric intake. As anticipated, the wild type mice were significantly protected against carcinogenesis on the CR diet compared to Nrf2 KO animals. However, survival curves showed that the CR and AL Nrf2 knockout mice overlapped until week 80, when they began to deviate for the remainder of the lifespan study, with CR Nrf2 knockout mice significantly outliving AL Nrf2 knockout mice. Therefore, while CR protected against carcinogenesis in a manner that was dependent on Nrf2, genetic ablation of Nrf2 did not attenuate lifespan extension by CR. This study suggests that lifespan extension in mice by CR is not entirely dependent on upregulation of the Nrf2 pathway, despite its promising role as a chemoprevention target. However, this conclusion is not without criticism, and a role of the antioxidant response in CR-mediated longevity cannot be completely ruled out [29]. Future investigations into whether or not other age-related diseases are slowed or reversed by Nrf2 activation and whether the attenuation of these diseases by CR requires Nrf2 are warranted.

      4.3. Rapamycin

      Rapamycin, a well-defined inhibitor of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), interacts with the Nrf2 signaling pathway, and Nrf2 may be implicated in rapamycin-mediated longevity. Exposure of adult C. elegans to rapamycin activates SKN-1 and downstream gene targets and significantly increases oxidative stress resistance in SKN-1 dependent manner [70]. Further, rapamycin treatment increased nematode lifespan through SKN-1, as evidenced by an abolished effect of rapamycin-mediated lifespan extension when SKN-1 was silenced by RNA interference [70]. Treatment with rapamycin also extends lifespan [71, 72] and slows the aging phenotype in mice, including decreased liver degeneration, attenuated cataract severity, and blunting of the age-associated decline in physical activity [73]. In vitro, chronic treatment with rapamycin significantly upregulates Nrf2 protein and transcript expression Nrf2 in fibroblasts, protects cultures from exogenous ROS exposure, and increases replicative lifespan of fibroblasts in culture [74]. We recently assessed skeletal muscle Nrf2 expression, as well as the expression of Nrf2 target proteins NQO1, HO-1, Prdx1, and SOD-1 in mice treated with rapamycin for 12 weeks. We were surprised to find no differences in Nrf2 and Nrf2 target protein expression between the long-lived rapamycin fed mice and controls. Prdx1 expression in skeletal muscle was significantly lower than control, but no other differences were observed in Nrf2 target protein expression between long-lived and control animals (Figure 2). Interestingly, we further assessed sex differences and found NQO1, Nrf2, and SOD-1 to be significantly greater in skeletal muscle from male mice compared to females (Figure 2). Given the disparate lifespan between males and females, and dissimilar effects of longevity interventions on male versus female mice, it is important to understand sex-specific signaling of the Nrf2 cytoprotective pathway, as elucidation of Nrf2 signaling in long-lived males and females may provide insight into the mechanisms behind sexual dimorphic longevity.

      Nrf2 regulated protein expression in skeletal muscle from mice chronically fed with rapamycin. Nrf2, NQO1, and SOD-1 were significantly greater in skeletal muscle from male rapamycin (Rap.) treated mice. Chronic rapamycin feeding suppressed Prdx1 expression compared to controls. Nrf2, NQO1, SOD-1, and Prdx1 were analyzed by western blotting and normalized to tubulin, shown below the proteins from each blot. Data are expressed as a ratio of target protein to tubulin (mean ± SEM). males and females in each condition. UM-HET3 mice were generated by the offspring of crosses between (BALB/cByJ x C57BL/6J) F1 females and (C3H/HeJ x DBA/2J) F1 males. Mice were fed with chow mixed with encapsulated rapamycin at 14 mg/kg food (equivalent to 2.24 mg of rapamycin/kg body weight/day) or normal chow for 12 weeks in accordance with the original study describing lifespan extension [6].
      4.4. Snell Dwarf Mice

      Snell dwarf mice are homozygous for a single-gene mutation at the Pit1 locus. This mutation results in an underdeveloped anterior pituitary and decreases in growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) signaling. These mice display a 40% increase in mean and maximal longevity in both male and female mice compared to mice on similar backgrounds [4] and show delay in many age-related pathologies including attenuation of age-dependent collagen cross-linking and age-sensitive indices of immune system status [4]. This single gene mutation thus controls both maximal lifespan and the timing of senescence and age-related pathology, supporting the role of the IGF-1 and GH pathways in regulating mammalian longevity.

      Snell mice display heightened Nrf2 signaling, as evidenced by increased skin-derived fibroblast expression of total cell Nrf2 protein compared to controls, in addition to upregulated expression of Nrf2 targets HO-1, thioredoxin, and GCLM [75]. In addition, Snell-derived fibroblasts show enhanced resistance to various forms of cytotoxic stress, like paraquat, peroxide, cadmium, and others that kill cells in part via ROS [76]. We recently assessed Nrf2 and targets in skeletal and cardiac muscle from 7-month-old Snell mice and found no differences in Nrf2 and target protein expression compared to control mice (Figure 3) in either males or females. Part of the discordance in Nrf2 signaling in primary fibroblasts compared to skeletal and cardiac muscle may be due to tissue-specific differences. Previous work suggests that Nrf2 activators induce the Nrf2 transcriptional program in some cell types, but not others [19, 77], demonstrating that cell and tissue types respond quite differently to Nrf2 activators. Varying metabolic demands between tissues may be responsible for tissue-specific Nrf2 activity [77], or inherent properties of the tissue, such as expression of Nrf2 activators/inhibitors. An assessment of tissue-specific differences in cellular stress responses is lacking and may play an important role in determining the response of Nrf2 to different longevity interventions.

      Nrf2 regulated protein expression in skeletal muscle from Snell dwarf mice. The Pit1 mutation does not influence Nrf2 or Nrf2 target protein expression in skeletal muscle. Nrf2, NQO1, HO-1, SOD-1, and Prdx1 were analyzed by western blotting and normalized to tubulin, shown below the proteins from each blot. Densitometric analyses were conducted on the multiple band of Nrf2. Data are expressed as a ratio of target protein to tubulin (mean ± SEM). males and 10 females of each genotype. Snell dwarf (dw/dw) and heterozygote (dw/+) control mice were bred as the progeny of (DW/J x C3H/HeJ) F1 dw/+ females and (DW/J x C3H/HeJ) F1dw/dw males [4].
      4.5. Crowded Litter

      Recent evidence shows that very-short-term nutrient restriction limited only to the preweaning phase by litter crowding extends lifespan by 16% in female mice and 7% in males [5]. In this model termed crowded litter (CL), increasing litter size from eight pups per mother to 12 imposes a transient energy restriction thought to represent an epigenetic means of improving lifespan [78], as the energy stress imposed only in the first three weeks of life extends lifespan and healthspan [79]. At weaning and through adult life, CL mice are leaner and consume more oxygen relative to body mass compared to control mice and have improved lifelong alterations in metabolic status [79]. CL mice have less body fat, lower leptin levels, and higher glucose tolerance and are more insulin sensitive than control mice [79]. Despite few studies interrogating mechanisms by which CL intervention imparts improved healthspan and lifespan, it seems clear that long-lasting endocrine and metabolic effects result from the early-life nutrient restriction.

      As studies of CL mice are in their infancy, minimal data thus far directly link Nrf2 and CL. However, investigations of xenobiotic metabolism and resistance to cytotoxic insult suggest that CL mice maintain elevated levels of xenobiotic phase I metabolizing enzymes in the liver, alongside heightened resistance against tert-butylhydroquinone [78], an oxidant known to activate Nrf2 [80]. Based on these data showing enhanced stress resistance in CL, we assessed Nrf2 and targets in skeletal muscle from 3-4-month-old CL mice. In this young cohort, we failed to find differences in Nrf2 targets between CL and control (Figure 4) in either male or female mice. As metabolic and hormonal status change throughout development in the CL mice, corresponding alterations in Nrf2 activation may occur. Given the early stages of this longevity intervention, few investigations have been conducted into developmental changes in CL mice and how metabolism and Nrf2 may interface to regulate longevity in this model. Future investigations are warranted to more completely assess whether Nrf2 mediates lifespan extension and what role Nrf2 may play throughout the lifespan of CL mice.

      Nrf2 regulated protein expression in skeletal muscle from crowded litter mice. No significant sex or model differences were observed in skeletal muscle from crowded litter (CL) animals. Nrf2, NQO1, SOD-1, and Prdx1 were analyzed by western blotting and normalized to tubulin, shown below the proteins from each blot. Data are expressed as a ratio of target protein to tubulin (mean ± SEM). males and females in each condition. CL mice, 3-4 months old, were generated following the previously described procedure [5]. UM-HET3 litters were culled to eight pups (control) or supplemented by transfer of newborn mice to produce litters of 12 mice (CL). Litters were weaned at three weeks of age, after which both groups were fed ad libitum.
      4.6. Humans

      Humans are amongst the longest-lived mammals, with a maximum species lifespan potential (MLSP) of over 100 years and a predicted lifespan four times longer than estimated by body mass [42]. Exceptionally long-lived humans, centenarians, may have constitutively upregulated Nrf2, allowing them to better respond to cell stresses and minimize cell damage with age [81]. Investigations of centenarians who seem to reside in areas with high nutrient density and low caloric density diets support this hypothesis, as these diets may be characterized as a prolonged mild form of CR. Physical activity is one of the most effective interventions to prevent chronic disease and delay the detrimental cellular changes with age (reviewed in [82]). Acute exercise stress activates Nrf2 [83] and is associated with enhanced antioxidant capacity. Therefore, it is plausible that exercise, a longevity-promoting intervention in humans, may promote healthspan in part through activation of Nrf2. Nrf2 activators are currently undergoing phase II clinical trials for treatment of various human chronic diseases. Bardoxolone methyl therapy, a therapeutic pulmonary hypertension intervention [84], and dimethyl fumarate (BG-12), a currently approved therapy for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, promote cytoprotective properties, in part through activation of Nrf2 [85]. A sulforaphane-based pharmaceutical is slated to begin trials for prostate cancer [86] following preliminary studies showing diminished Nrf2 signaling in prostate cancer that is restored by sulforaphane treatment [87]. Thus it appears that some of the human diseases associated with aging may be treated with Nrf2 activators. However, whether Nrf2 expression is higher in long-lived centenarians remains unknown. Further, whether Nrf2 activation can increase human lifespan or delay human aging is still unexplored.

      4.7. Nrf2 Activity and Maximal Lifespan Potential

      The simultaneous study of species with varying MLSP facilitates the identification of associations between species longevity and specific mediators of lifespan, such as Nrf2. A comparison of eight rodent species with widely divergent longevities ranging from 4 to 31 years yielded a positive association between Nrf2-ARE binding activity and MLSP [52]. Quantitatively, for a 10-year increase in lifespan, Nrf2 activity increased 1.4-fold. Surprisingly, the authors of this study found that Nrf2 protein levels did not correlate with MLSP. Rather, mechanisms that control Nrf2 activity, such as Keap1 expression, significantly correlated with MLSP. Therefore, the authors posited that long-lived species are poised to effectively respond to cellular stresses associated with age and chronic disease due to the natural variation in Nrf2 activity. Together, these data support the notion that Nrf2 may be the “guardian of healthspan and the gatekeeper of species longevity” [3] and suggest that future investigations should elucidate whether activation of Nrf2 facilitates increases in healthspan and lifespan.

      5. Mechanisms of Nrf2 Activation: Basal versus Inducible Activity

      Our results of Nrf2 in long-lived mice presented here were obtained from young (3-4 and 7 months of age) mice that were not exposed to acute or chronic stresses. Young, unstressed animals generally do not display elevated Nrf2 signaling, as supported by investigations of young Nrf2 knockout mice, which do not have evidence of redox imbalance as assessed by either expression of Nrf2 target genes, overall cellular antioxidant status, or overt macromolecule oxidant damage [83]. However, when these Nrf2 knockout mice undergo an acute stress or when mice age, the ability to respond to and recover from the stress is attenuated. Thus, we suggest that the young mice in the long-lived cohorts reviewed here did not display enhanced Nrf2 signaling because there was no stressful stimulus from which to necessitate enhanced Nrf2 activation. Further, we assessed Nrf2 protein expression, as well as downstream Nrf2 target expression. Previous correlations between Nrf2 protein expression and MSLP, however, show no association between these two measurements [52]. Instead, Nrf2 activity, as assessed by Nrf2-ARE binding activity, along with proteins that influence Nrf2 activity, such as Keap1 expression [38], predicted MLSP. Therefore, we suggest that future investigations of Nrf2-mediated longevity should assess Nrf2 activity and the key proteins that regulate Nrf2 activation and nuclear localization. Further, we propose that these investigations be conducted in aged animals or younger animals administered a stressful stimulus. It is under these conditions that differences in Nrf2 signaling between long-lived and control animals should be most apparent.

      6. Conclusions and Future Directions

      Chronic disease incidence increases with age. Slowing the aging process limits the burden of chronic disease [2]. The transcription factor Nrf2, a proposed “master regulator of the aging process,” regulates a wide battery of cytoprotective responses and helps attenuate age-related disease, and its activity is positively associated with species lifespan potential. Previous work of Nrf2 in long-lived models shows promise for slowed aging interventions (summarized in Table 1), with naked mole rats, an exceptionally long-lived species, showing enhanced Nrf2 signaling compared to shorter-lived mouse species. Caloric restriction and many of its pharmaceutical mimetics activate Nrf2 and protect against age-associated carcinogenesis, despite contradicting evidence showing no effect of Nrf2 expression in CR-induced longevity. Studies of rapamycin treated, Snell dwarf, and CL mice suggest that primary cells from these animals are more resistant to cytotoxic stress, which may be linked to elevated Nrf2 signaling. Future investigations should identify whether aged animals from long-lived cohorts have enhanced Nrf2 signaling that may explain their stress resistance. We hypothesize that pharmaceutical, genetic, epigenetic, and dietary manipulations that extend lifespan will enhance Nrf2 activation at advanced ages and under stressful cellular conditions, contributing to stress resistance and extended healthspan. Further, future investigations of Nrf2 signaling in humans, and the ability of Nrf2 activation to prevent chronic disease associated with aging, will lend further insight into the role of Nrf2 activation as a possible longevity-promoting intervention.

      SCIENTIFIC STUDIES: 

      1. 1, 25‐Dihydroxyvitamin D exerts an antiaging role by activation of Nrf2‐antioxidant signaling and inactivation of p16/p53‐senescence signaling
      2. 1, 5-Dicaffeoylquinic acid-mediated glutathione synthesis through activation of Nrf2 protects against OGD/reperfusion-induced oxidative stress in astrocytes
      3. 100P RPS6 through the activation of Nrf2 causes resistance to antiHER2 drugs in HER2 amplified gastric cancer (GC) models
      4. 15-Deoxy-prostaglandin J2 anti-inflammation in a rat model of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and human bronchial epithelial cells via Nrf2 activation
      5. 15-deoxy-Δ12, 14-prostaglandin J₂ induces p53 expression through Nrf2-mediated upregulation of heme oxygenase-1 in human breast cancer cells.
      6. 15-Deoxy-Δ12, 14-prostaglandin J2 modulates manganese-induced activation of the NF-κB, Nrf2, and PI3K pathways in astrocytes
      7. 15-Deoxy-Δ12, 14-prostaglandin J2 rescues PC12 cells from H2O2-induced apoptosis through Nrf2-mediated upregulation of heme oxygenase-1: potential roles of …
      8. 15-Deoxy-Δ12, 14-prostaglandin J2 up-regulates expression of p53 and p21 through Nrf2-driven heme oxygenase-1 induction in human breast cancer (MCF-7) cells
      9. 15-Deoxy-Δ12, 14-prostaglandin J2 upregulates heme oxygenase-1 and vascular endothelial growth factor through activation of Nrf2 in human breast cancer cells
      10. 15-deoxy-Δ12, 14-prostaglandin J2 upregulates heme oxygenase-1 through activation of Akt and NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in human breast cancer cells
      11. 15-Deoxy-Δ12, 14-prostaglandin J2 up-regulates VEGF and MMP-1 via Nrf2-mediated heme oxygenase-1 induction in human breast cancer cells
      12. 15-Deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2 induces p53 expression through Nrf2-mediated upregulation of heme oxygenase-1 in human breast cancer cells
      13. 15-Keto prostaglandin E2 induces heme oxygenase-1 expression through activation of Nrf2 in human colon epithelial CCD 841 CoN cells
      14. 201 Regulation of INOS Function, Redox State and Nrf2 Activation by Macrophage GCH1 and Tetrahydrobiopterin
      15. 20C, a bibenzyl compound isolated from Gastrodia elata, protects PC12 cells against rotenone-induced apoptosis via activation of the Nrf2/ARE/HO-1 …
      16. 213 Nrf2 activation improves both hyperpolarization-and NO-mediated responses in penile vasculature from patients with erectile dysfunction
      17. 24-hydroxycholesterol as Nrf2 activator able to enhance tau clearance for treatment of Alzheimer’s disease
      18. 2-Ethoxy-4, 5-diphenyl-1, 3-oxazine-6-one activates the Nrf2/HO-1 axis and protects against oxidative stress-induced neuronal death
      19. 3, 3′-Diindolylmethane but not indole-3-carbinol activates Nrf2 and induces Nrf2 target gene expression in cultured murine fibroblasts
      20. 3, 4, 5-Trihydroxycinnamic acid inhibits lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation by Nrf2 activation in vitro and improves survival of mice in LPS-induced …
      21. 3, 4, 5-Trihydroxycinnamic acid inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory response through the activation of Nrf2 pathway in BV2 microglial cells
      22. 3-Aroylmethylene-2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-pyrazino[2,1-a]isoquinolin-4(11bH)-ones as Potent Nrf2/ARE Inducers in Human Cancer Cells and AOM-DSS Treated Mice
      23. 3H-1, 2-dithiole-3-thione protects retinal pigment epithelium cells against Ultra-violet radiation via activation of Akt-mTORC1-dependent Nrf2-HO-1 signaling
      24. 3-NP-induced Huntington’s-like disease impairs Nrf2 activation without loss of cardiac function in aged rats
      25. 3-O-Laurylglyceryl ascorbate activates the intracellular antioxidant system through the contribution of PPAR-γ and Nrf2
      26. 4-Hydroxy hexenal derived from docosahexaenoic acid protects endothelial cells via Nrf2 activation
      27. 4-Hydroxynonenal induces adaptive response and enhances PC12 cell tolerance primarily through induction of thioredoxin reductase 1 via activation of Nrf2
      28. 4-Ketopinoresinol, a novel naturally occurring ARE activator, induces the Nrf2/HO-1 axis and protects against oxidative stress-induced cell injury via activation of PI3K …
      29. 4-methoxychalcone enhances cisplatin-induced oxidative stress and cytotoxicity by inhibiting the Nrf2/ARE-mediated defense mechanism in A549 lung cancer cells
      30. 4-Nitrophenol induces activation of Nrf2 antioxidant pathway and apoptosis of the germ cells in rat testes
      31. 4-Octyl itaconate activates Nrf2 signaling to inhibit pro-inflammatory cytokine production in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of systemic lupus erythematosus …
      32. 5-(3, 4-Difluorophenyl)-3-(6-methylpyridin-3-yl)-1, 2, 4-oxadiazole (DDO-7263), a novel Nrf2 activator targeting brain tissue, protects against MPTP-induced subacute …
      33. 5.1 Nrf2 transcriptional activity controls Nlrp3 inflammasome activation independent of reactive oxygen species levels
      34. 56Fe ion irradiation induced apoptosis through Nrf2 pathway in mouse testis
      35. 5‐ALA/SFC enhances HO‐1 expression through the MAPK/Nrf2 antioxidant pathway and attenuates murine tubular epithelial cell apoptosis
      36. 5-Aminolevulinic acid combined with sodium ferrous citrate ameliorates H2O2-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy via activation of the MAPK/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway
      37. 5‐aminolevulinic acid exerts renoprotective effect via Nrf2 activation in murine rhabdomyolysis‐induced acute kidney injury
      38. 665P Nrf2 activation via PI3K/AKT/mTOR/RPS6 causes resistance to anti-HER2 agents among HER2 amplified gastric cancer
      39. 6-O-galloylpaeoniflorin attenuates cerebral ischemia reperfusion-induced neuroinflammation and oxidative stress via PI3K/Akt/Nrf2 activation
      40. 6-shogaol, a active constiuents of ginger prevents UVB radiation mediated inflammation and oxidative stress through modulating Nrf2 signaling in human epidermal …
      41. 7, 8‑Dihydroxyflavone activates Nrf2/HO‑1 signaling pathways and protects against osteoarthritis
      42. 7-deacetylgedunin suppresses inflammatory responses through activation of Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling
      43. a bioactive phytochemical alleviates colon inflammation through Nrf2/Keap1 system: An experimental study using both in vivo and in vitro model of colon inflammation
      44. A catalogue of somatic Nrf2 gain-of-function mutations in cancer
      45. A clinical drug library screen identifies clobetasol propionate as an Nrf2 inhibitor with potential therapeutic efficacy in KEAP1 mutant lung cancer
      46. A Curcumin Derivative That Inhibits Vinyl Carbamate-Induced Lung Carcinogenesis via Activation of the Nrf2 Protective Response
      47. A dual AMPK/Nrf2 activator reduces brain inflammation after stroke by enhancing microglia M2 polarization
      48. A functional pseudogene, NMRAL2P, is regulated by Nrf2 and serves as a coactivator of NQO1 in sulforaphane‐treated colon cancer cells
      49. A Highlights from MBoC Selection: Inhibition of nuclear factor-erythroid 2–related factor (Nrf2) by caveolin-1 promotes stress-induced premature senescence
      50. A hydrogen sulfide probe activates Nrf2, inhibits cancer cell growth and induces cell apoptosis
      51. A induces cell apoptosis by targeting AKR1C1 gene via the IGF‑1R/IRS1/PI3K/AKT/Nrf2/FLIP/Caspase‑3 signaling pathway in small cell lung cancer
      52. A kavalactone derivative inhibits lipopolysaccharide-stimulated iNOS induction and NO production through activation of Nrf2 signaling in BV2 microglial cells
      53. A loop involving Nrf2, miR‐29b‐1‐5p and AKT, regulates cell fate of MDA‐MB‐231 triple‐negative breast cancer cells
      54. A metagene of Nrf2 expression is a prognostic biomarker in all stage colorectal cancer
      55. A mutation of Keap1 found in breast cancer impairs its ability to repress Nrf2 activity
      56. A new approach for skin-derived precursors to ameliorate skin photodamage through activation of Nrf2 signaling pathway
      57. A new BEACON of hope for the treatment of inflammation? The endogenous metabolite itaconate as an alternative activator of the KEAP1-Nrf2 system
      58. A newly synthesized macakurzin C-derivative attenuates acute and chronic skin inflammation: The Nrf2/heme oxygenase signaling as a potential target
      59. A noncanonical mechanism of Nrf2 activation by autophagy deficiency: direct interaction between Keap1 and p62
      60. A novel chalcone derivative as Nrf2 activator attenuates learning and memory impairment in a scopolamine-induced mouse model
      61. A novel compound AB-38b improves diabetes-associated cognitive decline in mice via activation of Nrf2/ARE pathway
      62. A novel compound ITC-3 activates the Nrf2 signaling and provides neuroprotection in Parkinson’s disease models
      63. A novel di terpene para-hydroquinone compound derived from cryptoquinone protects neuronal cells against oxidative stress and activates the Nrf2/ARE pathway
      64. A novel GSK-3β inhibitor YQ138 prevents neuronal injury induced by glutamate and brain ischemia through activation of the Nrf2 signaling pathway
      65. A novel mechanism of action of HER2 targeted immunotherapy is explained by inhibition of Nrf2 function in ovarian cancer cells
      66. A NOVEL MECHANISM OF Nrf2 ACTIVATION BY AUTOPHAGY DEFIENCY: A DIRECT INTERACTION BETWEEN KEAP1 AND P62
      67. A novel natural Nrf2 activator with PPARγ-agonist (monascin) attenuates the toxicity of methylglyoxal and hyperglycemia
      68. A novel Nrf2 activator from microbial transformation inhibits radiation-induced dermatitis in mice
      69. A novel Nrf2 activator, RS9, attenuates secondary brain injury after intracerebral hemorrhage in sub-acute phase
      70. A novel nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activator RS9 attenuates brain injury after ischemia reperfusion in mice
      71. A novel polyphenol conjugate sensitizes cisplatin-resistant head and neck cancer cells to cisplatin via Nrf2 inhibition
      72. A novel role of topical iodine in skin: activation of the Nrf2 pathway
      73. A novel shogaol analog suppresses cancer cell invasion and inflammation, and displays cytoprotective effects through modulation of NF-κB and Nrf2-Keap1 signaling …
      74. A novel synthetic small molecule DMFO targets Nrf2 in modulating proinflammatory/antioxidant mediators to ameliorate inflammation
      75. A pan-ErbB family inhibitor, AF8c, promotes apoptosis by DR5/Nrf2 activation via ROS in colorectal cancer cells
      76. A perspective on dietary phytochemicals and cancer chemoprevention: oxidative stress, Nrf2, and epigenomics
      77. A possible role of microglia-derived nitric oxide by lipopolysaccharide in activation of astroglial pentose-phosphate pathway via the Keap1/Nrf2 system
      78. A potent Nrf2 activator, dh404, bolsters antioxidant capacity in glial cells and attenuates ischaemic retinopathy
      79. A proof-of-concept clinical study examining the Nrf2 activator sulforaphane against neutrophilic airway inflammation
      80. A protective mechanism of licorice (Glycyrrhiza uralensis): isoliquiritigenin stimulates detoxification system via Nrf2 activation
      81. A red pumpkin seed extract reduces melanosome transfer to keratinocytes by activation of Nrf2 signaling
      82. A ROLE FOR Nrf2 ACTIVATION IN DELAYED AGING: EVIDENCE FROM BENCH TO BEDSIDE
      83. A role for Nrf2 expression in defining the aging of hippocampal neural stem cells
      84. A ROS-mediated mitochondrial pathway and Nrf2 pathway activation are involved in BDE-47 induced apoptosis in Neuro-2a cells
      85. A small molecule inhibits deregulated Nrf2 transcriptional activity in cancer
      86. A small molecule inhibits Nrf2 expression and activity in cancer cells
      87. A small molecule targeting glutathione activates Nrf2 and inhibits cancer cell growth through promoting Keap-1 S-glutathionylation and inducing apoptosis
      88. A small-molecule activator of Hsf1, Nrf1, and Nrf2 mitigates polyglutamine toxicity in spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy models (S34. 006)
      89. A small-molecule Nrf1 and Nrf2 activator mitigates polyglutamine toxicity in spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy
      90. A Solid Dispersion of Quercetin Shows Enhanced Nrf2 Activation and Protective Effects against Oxidative Injury in a Mouse Model of Dry Age-Related Macular …
      91. A somatic mutation of the KEAP1 gene in malignant melanoma is involved in aberrant Nrf2 activation and an increase in intrinsic drug resistance.
      92. A steroid like phytochemical Antcin M is an anti-aging reagent that eliminates hyperglycemia-accelerated premature senescence in dermal fibroblasts by …
      93. A strategy for cancer prevention: stimulation of the Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway
      94. A Stress-Responsive Transcriptional Factor Nrf2 Activates Hematopoietic Stem Cells
      95. A sulforaphane analogue that potently activates the Nrf2-dependent detoxification pathway
      96. A systematic analysis of Nrf2 pathway activation dynamics during repeated xenobiotic exposure
      97. A therapeutic strategy for psoriasis: STAT3 and NF-κB inhibition by tussilagonone as an Nrf2 activator in keratinocytes
      98. A0625 Cinnameldehyde Attenuated Endothelial Dysfunction through Nrf2 Activation as a TRPA1 Agonist
      99. A21 GENETIC REGULATION OF CHRONIC AIRWAY INFLAMMATION: Clinical Application Of Rapid Genetic On Out-Patient Setting, Smartamp Method-A Single …
      100. A28 EXOSOMES AND MICRORNA: Activation Of Nrf2 Appears To Prevent Alcohol-Mediated Induction Of Tgfβ1 By Suppressing Mir-21 And Restoring Smad7 …
      101. A33 IMMUNE REGULATION OF INFLAMMATION AND AIRWAY HYPERRESPONSIVENESS: Chlorine-Induced Oxidative Airway Dysfunction Is Sustained In Nrf2 …
      102. A40 EPITHELIAL REGULATION OF INFLAMMATION: Antagonistic Interactions Between Tgf [Beta] 1 And Nrf2 In The Alveolar Epithelium Of Hiv-1 Transgenic Rats
      103. ABCF2, an Nrf2 target gene, contributes to cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer cells
      104. Aberrantly elevated redox sensing factor Nrf2 promotes cancer stem cell survival via enhanced transcriptional regulation of ABCG2 and Bcl-2/Bmi-1 genes
      105. Abstract A111: AF8c, a pan-ErbB family inhibitor induces apoptotic cell death by stimulating DR5/Nrf2 via ROS in colorectal cancer cells
      106. Abstract A41: Regulation of Nrf2‐dependent gene expression in aging
      107. Abstract A83: 4-Ketopinoresinol, a novel naturally occurring ARE activator, induces the Nrf2/HO-1 axis and protects against oxidative stress-induced cell injury via …
      108. Abstract B079: Inhibitory role of NFE2L2/Nrf2-silencing in hypoxia-induced metabolic adaptation of cancer cells
      109. Abstract B097: Nrf2 antioxidant signaling mediates the ability of PIM protein kinases to induce resistance of prostate cancer to PI3K inhibitor therapy
      110. Abstract B104: Targeting Nrf2/ARE pathway by inhibition of HDAC in breast cancer prevention
      111. Abstract C063: A novel Nrf2 inhibitor suppresses proliferation and enhances the sensitivity of cancer cells to chemotherapy
      112. Abstract C59: Nrf2 drives metabolic reprogramming in irradiated pancreatic cancer cells and promotes radioresistance
      113. Abstract LB-024: PIM kinase inhibitors selectively kill hypoxic cancer cells by reducing Nrf2 activity and increasing reactive oxygen species
      114. Abstract LB-052: Stress response through theCaMK2A/Nrf2/GSTP1 axis strengthens cancer cell resilience and mediates stemness phenotype through ROS …
      115. Abstract LB-143: Identification of STAT3-Nrf2-hypoxia as a novel reinforcing mechanism for promoting cancer stemness
      116. Abstract LB-291: microRNA regulation of Nrf2: a link between autophagy and oxidative stress
      117. Abstract LB-369: A novel aniline derivative enhances radiosensitivity of lung cancer through suppression of Nrf2 activity
      118. Abstract P087: PDI via Keap1/Nrf2 Pathway Regulates Renal AT1 Receptors and Blood Pressure in Aging Rats
      119. Abstract P344: Nuclear Factor E2-related Factor 2 (Nrf2) Causes Early Microvascular Endothelial Dysfunction and Increased Adma by Activation of the Cox2/tp …
      120. Abstract PR03: Nrf2 promotes tumor maintenance by modulating mRNA translation in pancreatic cancer
      121. Abstract PR04: Nrf2 promotes mRNA translation in pancreatic cancer
      122. Abstract PR16: A druggable transcriptional vulnerability in Nrf2-dependent lung cancer
      123. Abstract TP573: Nrf2 Activation With Sulforaphane Reduces Post-Stroke Cognitive Impairment in Mice
      124. Abstract TP97: Korean Red Ginseng Ameliorates Cerebral Hypoxic-Ischemic Damage Through the Activation of the Nrf2 Pathway by Preferentially Altering Reactive …
      125. Abstract WP340: Dimethyl Fumarate Controls Inflammation-Associated Brain Damage under Hypoxia through Nrf2 Mechanism
      126. Abstract# 16: Piceatannol induces heme oxygenase-1 expression in human mammary epithelial cells through activation of ARE-driven Nrf2 signaling
      127. Abstract# 3280: INrf2/Nrf2 control of Drug-Induced Apoptosis
      128. Abstract# 3528: Nrf2-driven adaptive defense response to inflammation caused by dextran sulfate sodium in mouse colonic mucosa
      129. Abstract# 4719: Nrf2 and drug resistance in breast cancer cells
      130. Abstract# 5525: Survival factor Nrf2 and its role in chemoresistance of ovarian cancer cells
      131. Acetaminophen sensitizing erastin‐induced ferroptosis via modulation of Nrf2/heme oxygenase‐1 signaling pathway in non‐small‐cell lung cancer
      132. Acetaminophen-Induced Liver Injury by Inhibiting Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress, and Apoptosis through the Nrf2/HO-1/NQO1 …
      133. acid attenuates receptor for advanced glycation endproducts signal to inhibit inflammation and diabetes mediated by Nrf2 activation and promotes methylglyoxal …
      134. Acquisition of doxorubicin resistance in ovarian carcinoma cells accompanies activation of the Nrf2 pathway
      135. Acrolein causes transcriptional induction of phase II genes by activation of Nrf2 in human lung type II epithelial (A549) cells
      136. Actinidia callosa peel (kiwi fruit) ethanol extracts protected neural cells apoptosis induced by methylglyoxal through Nrf2 activation
      137. action of N-acetyl serotonin in oxidative stress-induced apoptosis through the activation of both TrkB/CREB/BDNF pathway and Akt/Nrf2/Antioxidant enzyme in …
      138. action of tea polyphenols on oxidative stress-induced apoptosis through the activation of the TrkB/CREB/BDNF pathway and Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathway in SH …
      139. Activated Nrf2 impairs liver regeneration in mice by activation of genes involved in cell‐cycle control and apoptosis
      140. Activated SIRT1 and SIRT6 by Nrf2 Activator Attenuated Cisplatin-Induced Acute Nephrotoxicity in Mice
      141. Activates Keap1/Nrf2/ARE/HO-1 Pathway in HT22 Cells and Suppresses Microglial Activation by A𝛽42 through Nrf2-Related Inflammatory Response
      142. activation in MSU crystal stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages through the upregulation of Nrf2 transcription factor and alleviates MSU crystal induced inflammation in …
      143. Activation of Akt and JNK/Nrf2/NQO1 pathway contributes to the protective effect of coptisine against AAPH-induced oxidative stress
      144. Activation of alveolar macrophages with interferon-γ promotes antioxidant defenses via the Nrf2-ARE pathway
      145. Activation of AMPK/Nrf2 signalling by Manuka honey protects human dermal fibroblasts against oxidative damage by improving antioxidant response and …
      146. Activation of anti-oxidant Nrf2 signaling by enone analogues of curcumin
      147. Activation of anti-oxidant Nrf2 signaling by substituted trans stilbenes
      148. Activation of apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 is a key factor in paraquat-induced cell death: modulation by the Nrf2/Trx axis
      149. Activation of autophagic flux and the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway by hydrogen sulfide protects against acrylonitrile-induced neurotoxicity in primary rat astrocytes
      150. Activation of Autophagy and Nrf2 Signaling in Human Breast Adenocarcinoma MCF-7 Cells by Novel Monophenolic Antioxidants
      151. Activation of cannabinoid receptor type 2-induced osteogenic differentiation involves autophagy induction and p62-mediated Nrf2 deactivation
      152. Activation of cannabinoid receptor type II by AM1241 ameliorates myocardial fibrosis via Nrf2-mediated inhibition of TGF-β1/Smad3 pathway in myocardial infarction …
      153. Activation of cannabinoid type 2 receptor protects skeletal muscle from ischemia-reperfusion injury partly via Nrf2 signaling
      154. Activation of c-Met in cancer cells mediates growth-promoting signals against oxidative stress through Nrf2-HO-1
      155. Activation of coupled Ah receptor and Nrf2 gene batteries by dietary phytochemicals in relation to chemoprevention
      156. Activation of GSK3β/β-TrCP axis via PHLPP1 exacerbates Nrf2 degradation leading to impairment in cell survival pathway during diabetic nephropathy
      157. Activation of hepatic Nrf2 in vivo by acetaminophen in CD‐1 mice
      158. Activation of imidazoline I1 receptor by moxonidine regulates the progression of liver fibrosis in the Nrf2-dependent pathway
      159. Activation of Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathway by nuclear epidermal growth factor receptor in cancer cells
      160. Activation of KEAP1/Nrf2/P62 signaling alleviates high phosphate-induced calcification of vascular smooth muscle cells by suppressing reactive oxygen …
      161. Activation of Keap1-Nrf2 signaling by 4-octyl itaconate protects human umbilical vein endothelial cells from high glucose
      162. Activation of KGFR-Akt-mTOR-Nrf2 signaling protects human retinal pigment epithelium cells from Ultra-violet
      163. Activation of Nrf2 and accumulation of ubiquitinated A170 by arsenic in osteoblasts
      164. Activation of Nrf2 and hypoxic adaptive response contribute to neuroprotection elicited by phenylhydroxamic acid selective HDAC6 inhibitors
      165. Activation Of Nrf2 Appears To Prevent Alcohol-Mediated Induction Of TGFβ1 By Suppressing MiR-21 And Restoring Smad7 Expression
      166. Activation of Nrf2 attenuates carbonyl stress induced by methylglyoxal in human neuroblastoma cells: Increase in GSH levels is a critical event for the detoxification …
      167. Activation of Nrf2 attenuates delayed gastric emptying in obesity induced diabetic (T2DM) female mice
      168. Activation of Nrf2 attenuates pulmonary vascular remodeling via inhibiting endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition: an insight from a plant polyphenol
      169. Activation of Nrf2 by arsenite and monomethylarsonous acid is independent of Keap1-C151: enhanced Keap1–Cul3 interaction
      170. Activation of Nrf2 by cadmium and its role in protection against cadmium-induced apoptosis in rat kidney cells
      171. Activation of Nrf2 by costunolide provides neuroprotective effect in PC12 cells
      172. Activation of Nrf2 by dexamethasone in ataxia telangiectasia cells involves KEAP1 inhibition but not the inhibition of p38
      173. Activation of Nrf2 by dimethyl fumarate improves vascular calcification
      174. Activation of Nrf2 by Exercise Training and Curcumin Contributes to Sympatho-Inhibition in Heart Failure
      175. Activation of Nrf2 by Ginsenoside Rh3 protects retinal pigment epithelium cells and retinal ganglion cells from UV
      176. Activation of Nrf2 by H2O2: de novo synthesis versus nuclear translocation
      177. Activation of Nrf2 by ischemic preconditioning and sulforaphane in renal ischemia/reperfusion injury: a comparative experimental study.
      178. Activation of Nrf2 by microcystin-LR provides advantages for liver cancer cell growth
      179. Activation of Nrf2 by MIND4-17 protects osteoblasts from hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress
      180. Activation of Nrf2 by nitrosative agents and H2O2 involves KEAP1 disulfide formation
      181. Activation of Nrf2 by p62 and proteasome reduction in sphere-forming breast carcinoma cells
      182. Activation of Nrf2 by phloretin attenuates palmitic acid-induced endothelial cell oxidative stress via AMPK-dependent signaling
      183. Activation of Nrf2 by sulforaphane inhibits high glucose-induced progression of pancreatic cancer via AMPK dependent signaling
      184. Activation of Nrf2 by Sulforaphane via the AKT/GSK-3β/Fyn pathway prevents angiotensin ii-induced cardiomyopathy
      185. Activation of Nrf2 by the dengue virus causes an increase in CLEC5A, which enhances TNF-α production by mononuclear phagocytes
      186. Activation of Nrf2 by toxic bile acids provokes adaptive defense responses to enhance cell survival at the emergence of oxidative stress
      187. Activation of Nrf2 contributes to the protective effect of Exendin-4 against angiotensin II-induced vascular smooth muscle cell senescence
      188. Activation of Nrf2 coordinates DDAH/PPAR-γ/ENOS pathways that enhance nitric oxide generation in human glomerular endothelial cells
      189. Activation of Nrf2 decreased reactive oxygen species in endothelial cells stimulated by advanced glycation end products [J]
      190. Activation of Nrf2 in defense against cadmium-induced oxidative stress
      191. Activation of Nrf2 in endothelial cells protects arteries from exhibiting a proinflammatory state
      192. Activation of Nrf2 in keratinocytes causes chloracne (MADISH)‐like skin disease in mice
      193. Activation of Nrf2 in the liver is associated with stress resistance mediated by suppression of the growth hormone-regulated STAT5b transcription factor
      194. Activation of Nrf2 is required for normal and ChREBPα-augmented glucose-stimulated β-cell proliferation
      195. Activation of Nrf2 Is Required for Up-Regulation of the π Class of Glutathione S-Transferase in Rat Primary Hepatocytes with l-Methionine Starvation
      196. Activation of Nrf2 Is Responsible for the Overexpression of Peroxiredoxin and Sulphiredoxin in Smoking Induced Human Lung Cancer.
      197. Activation of Nrf2 pathway and inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation contribute to the protective effect of chlorogenic acid on acute liver injury
      198. Activation of Nrf2 pathway contributes to neuroprotection by the dietary flavonoid tiliroside
      199. Activation of Nrf2 pathway in spleen, thymus as well as peripheral blood mononuclear cells by acute arsenic exposure in mice
      200. Activation of Nrf2 pathways correlates with resistance of NSCLC cell lines to CBP501 in vitro
      201. Activation of Nrf2 protects against triptolide-induced hepatotoxicity
      202. Activation of Nrf2 reduces UVA-mediated MMP-1 upregulation via MAPK/AP-1 signaling cascades: the photoprotective effects of sulforaphane and hispidulin
      203. Activation of Nrf2 restores klotho expression and attenuates oxidative stress and inflammation in CKD
      204. Activation of Nrf2 signaling as a common treatment of neurodegenerative diseases
      205. Activation of Nrf2 signaling augments vesicular stomatitis virus oncolysis via autophagy-driven suppression of antiviral immunity
      206. Activation of Nrf2 signaling by Icariin protects against 6‐OHDA‐induced neurotoxicity
      207. Activation of Nrf2 signaling by natural products-can it alleviate diabetes?
      208. Activation of Nrf2 signaling in breast cancer stem cell-enriched population
      209. Activation of Nrf2 signaling in HEK293 cells by a first‐in‐class direct KEAP1‐Nrf2 inhibitor
      210. Activation of Nrf2 Target Genes by Aged Garlic Extract in THP-1 Macrophages: Regulation by Glutathione Depletion
      211. Activation of Nrf2/ARE by isosilybin alleviates Aβ25-35-induced oxidative stress injury in HT-22 cells
      212. Activation of Nrf2/ARE pathway alleviates the cognitive deficits in PS1V97L‐Tg mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease through modulation of oxidative stress
      213. Activation of Nrf2/ARE pathway protects endothelial cells from oxidant injury and inhibits inflammatory gene expression
      214. Activation of Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway attenuates lanthanum chloride induced injuries in primary rat astrocytes
      215. Activation of Nrf2/ho-1 pathway and human atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability: An in vitro and in vivo study
      216. Activation of Nrf2/HO-1 pathway by nardochinoid C inhibits inflammation and oxidative stress in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages
      217. Activation of Nrf2/HO-1 signal with Myricetin for attenuating ECM degradation in human chondrocytes and ameliorating the murine osteoarthritis
      218. Activation of Nrf2/HO-1signaling pathway involves the anti-inflammatory activity of magnolol in Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide-stimulated mouse RAW …
      219. Activation of Nrf2/Keap1 pathway by oral Dimethylfumarate administration alleviates oxidative stress and age-associated infertility might be delayed in the …
      220. Activation of Nrf2/Keap1 signaling and autophagy induction against oxidative stress in heart in iron deficiency
      221. Activation of Nrf2-antioxidant signaling attenuates NFκB-inflammatory response and elicits apoptosis
      222. Activation of Nrf2-antioxidant signaling by 1, 25-dihydroxycholecalciferol prevents leptin-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in human endothelial cells
      223. Activation of Nrf2-Antioxidant Signaling by 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 Prevents Leptin-Induced Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Human Endothelial Cells
      224. Activation of Nrf2–ARE pathway in brain after traumatic brain injury
      225. Activation of Nrf2-driven antioxidant enzymes by cardamonin confers neuroprotection of PC12 cells against oxidative damage
      226. Activation of Nrf2-mediated anti-oxidant genes by antrodin C prevents hyperglycemia-induced senescence and apoptosis in human endothelial cells
      227. Activation of Nrf2-mediated oxidative stress response in macrophages by hypochlorous acid
      228. Activation of Nrf2-regulated glutathione pathway genes by ischemic preconditioning
      229. activation of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) increases expression and transport activity of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and breast cancer related protein (Bcrp …
      230. Activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related (Nrf2) system as a novel therapeutic approach in COPD
      231. Activation of nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in the basilar artery after subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats
      232. Activation of p38MAPK and Nrf2 signaling pathways in the toxicity induced by chlorpyrifos in Drosophila melanogaster: protective effects of Psidium guajava …
      233. Activation of p62-keap1-Nrf2 antioxidant pathway in the early stage of acetaminophen-induced acute liver injury in mice
      234. Activation of PERK-Nrf2 oncogenic signaling promotes Mdm2-mediated Rb degradation in persistently infected HCV culture
      235. Activation of the astrocytic Nrf2/ARE system ameliorates the formation of demyelinating lesions in a multiple sclerosis animal model
      236. Activation of the Keap1/Nrf2 pathway for neuroprotection by electrophillic phase II inducers
      237. Activation of the Keap1/Nrf2 stress response pathway in autophagic vacuolar myopathies
      238. Activation of the KEAP1‑Nrf2‑ARE signaling pathway reduces oxidative stress in Hep2 cells
      239. Activation of the Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1)/NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway through covalent modification of the 2-alkenal group of aliphatic …
      240. Activation of the Nrf2 antioxidant program generates an imbalance in central carbon metabolism in cancer
      241. Activation of the Nrf2 cell defense pathway by ancient foods: disease prevention by important molecules and microbes lost from the modern western diet
      242. Activation of the Nrf2 pathway and its impact on the prognosis of anaplastic glioma patients
      243. Activation of the Nrf2 pathway by inorganic arsenic in human hepatocytes and the role of transcriptional repressor Bach1
      244. Activation of the Nrf2 pathway, but decreased γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase heavy subunit chain levels and caspase-3-dependent apoptosis during exposure of …
      245. Activation of the Nrf2 response by intrinsic hepatotoxic drugs correlates with suppression of NF-κB activation and sensitizes toward TNFα-induced cytotoxicity
      246. Activation of the Nrf2 signaling pathway and neuroprotection of nigral dopaminergic neurons by a novel synthetic compound KMS99220
      247. Activation of the Nrf2 signaling pathway involving KLF9 plays a critical role in allicin resisting against arsenic trioxide-induced hepatotoxicity in rats
      248. Activation of the Nrf2/antioxidant response pathway increases IL‐8 expression
      249. Activation of the Nrf2/ARE pathway via S-alkylation of cysteine 151 in the chemopreventive agent-sensor Keap1 protein by falcarindiol, a conjugated diacetylene …
      250. Activation of the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway by probucol contributes to inhibiting inflammation and neuronal apoptosis after spinal cord injury
      251. Activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 antioxidant pathway contributes to the protective effects of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides in the rodent retina after ischemia …
      252. Activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway contributes to the protective effects of baicalein against oxidative stress-induced DNA damage and apoptosis in …
      253. Activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway contributes to the protective effects of coptisine against oxidative stress-induced DNA damage and apoptosis in HaCaT …
      254. Activation of the Nrf2‐antioxidant system by a novel cyclooxygenase‐2 inhibitor furan‐2‐yl‐3‐pyridin‐2‐yl‐propenone: implication in anti‐inflammatory function by …
      255. Activation of the Nrf2-ARE pathway ameliorates hyperglycemia-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction in podocytes partly through Sirt1
      256. Activation of the Nrf2-ARE pathway as a therapeutic strategy in Parkinson’s disease
      257. Activation of the Nrf2-ARE pathway attenuates hyperglycemia-mediated injuries in mouse podocytes
      258. Activation of the Nrf2-ARE pathway by siRNA knockdown of Keap1 reduces oxidative stress and provides partial protection from MPTP-mediated neurotoxicity
      259. Activation of the Nrf2-ARE pathway by the Alternaria alternata mycotoxins altertoxin I and II
      260. Activation of the Nrf2-ARE pathway in hepatocytes protects against steatosis in nutritionally induced non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in mice
      261. Activation of the Nrf2–ARE pathway in muscle and spinal cord during ALS-like pathology in mice expressing mutant SOD1
      262. Activation of the Nrf2‐ARE signaling pathway prevents hyperphosphatemia‐induced vascular calcification by inducing autophagy in renal vascular smooth muscle …
      263. Activation of the Nrf2–ARE signaling pathway: a promising strategy in cancer prevention
      264. Activation of the Nrf2-ARE signalling pathway by the Lentinula edodes polysaccharose LNT alleviates ROS-mediated cisplatin nephrotoxicity
      265. Activation of the Nrf2-mediated phase 2 enzyme response as a prophylactic strategy for treatment of stroke and neurodegeneration
      266. Activation of the Nrf2-regulated antioxidant cell response inhibits HEMA-induced oxidative stress and supports cell viability
      267. Activation of the p62‐Keap1‐Nrf2 pathway protects against ferroptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma cells
      268. Activation of the proteasome machinery by Nrf2/mutant p53 axis and its therapeutic implications for triple negative breast cancer
      269. Activation of the transcription factor Nrf2 in macrophages, Caco-2 cells and intact human gut tissue by Maillard reaction products and coffee
      270. Activation of the UPR protects against cigarette smoke-induced RPE apoptosis through up-regulation of Nrf2
      271. Activation of transcription factor Nrf2 by hepatitis C virus induces the cell-survival pathway
      272. Activation of transcription factor Nrf2 signalling by the sphingosine kinase inhibitor SKI-II is mediated by the formation of Keap1 dimers
      273. Acute exercise stress activates Nrf2/ARE signaling and promotes antioxidant mechanisms in the myocardium
      274. Acute exposure to 3‐methylcholanthrene induces hepatic oxidative stress via activation of the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway in mice
      275. Acute Exposure to Diesel-Biodiesel Particulate Matter Promotes Murine Lung Oxidative Stress by Nrf2/HO-1 and Inflammation Through the NF-kB/TNF-α Pathways
      276. Acute exposure to diesel-biodiesel particulate matter promotes murine lung oxidative stress by Nrf2/HO-1 and inflammation through the NF-κB/TNF-α pathways
      277. Acute oxidative stress and systemic Nrf2 activation by the ketogenic diet
      278. Adaphostin toxicity in a sensitive non-small cell lung cancer model is mediated through Nrf2 signaling and heme oxygenase 1
      279. Adaptive cytoprotection and cancer chemoprotection by sulforaphane against various stresses: role of Nrf2-keap1 dependent and independent pathways (1052.1)
      280. Adaptive response to GSH depletion and resistance to l-buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine: involvement of Nrf2 activation
      281. Adopting Nrf2 and NF-B from cancer: Is there any role of the duo in
      282. Adopting Nrf2 and NF-κB from cancer: Is there any role of the duo in diabetes?
      283. Aflatoxin B1 impairs mitochondrial functions, activates ROS generation, induces apoptosis and involves Nrf2 signal pathway in primary broiler hepatocytes
      284. against 6-OHDA-induced neurotoxicity in Parkinson’s disease model by activating Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway and preventing mitochondria-dependent apoptosis …
      285. against Acetaminophen-Induced Acute Liver Injury by Attenuating Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Apoptosis through Inhibition of the Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling
      286. Age-Associated Vascular Oxidative Stress, Nrf2 Dysfunction, and NF-κB Activation in the Nonhuman Primate Macaca mulatta
      287. Age-related changes of Nrf2 and phosphorylated GSK-3β in a mouse model of accelerated aging (SAMP8)
      288. Aging Affects The Airway Expression Of Nrf2 In Response To Cigarette Smoke
      289. Aging-induced Nrf2-ARE pathway disruption in the subventricular zone drives neurogenic impairment in parkinsonian mice via PI3K-Wnt/β-catenin dysregulation
      290. Aging-related decline in the induction of Nrf2-regulated antioxidant genes in human bronchial epithelial cells
      291. AICAR induces Nrf2 activation by an AMPK-independent mechanism in hepatocarcinoma cells
      292. Ailanthone inhibits cell growth and migration of cisplatin resistant bladder cancer cells through down-regulation of Nrf2, YAP, and c-Myc expression.
      293. Air particulate matter induced oxidative stress and inflammation in cardiovascular disease and atherosclerosis: The role of Nrf2 and AhR-mediated pathways
      294. Air pollutant–mediated disruption of sinonasal epithelial cell barrier function is reversed by activation of the Nrf2 pathway
      295. AITC attenuate methylglyoxal-induced PPARγ phosphorylation and degradation through inhibition of the oxidative stress/PKC pathway depending on Nrf2 activation
      296. Akt and ERK/Nrf2 activation by PUFA oxidation-derived aldehydes upregulates FABP4 expression in human macrophages
      297. Alantolactone induces apoptosis and suppresses migration in MCF‑7 human breast cancer cells via the p38 MAPK, NF‑κB and Nrf2 signaling pathways
      298. Aldo-keto reductases are biomarkers of Nrf2 activity and are co-ordinately overexpressed in non-small cell lung cancer
      299. Aldose reductase inhibitor, fidarestat regulates mitochondrial biogenesis via Nrf2/HO-1/AMPK pathway in colon cancer cells
      300. Aldosterone Activates Transcription Factor Nrf2 in Kidney Cells Both In Vitro and In Vivo
      301. Alkylating Agent–Induced Nrf2 Blocks Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress–Mediated Apoptosis via Control of Glutathione Pools and Protein Thiol Homeostasis
      302. Allantopyrone A activates Keap1–Nrf2 pathway and protects PC12 cells from oxidative stress-induced cell death
      303. Allergic skin inflammation induced by chemical sensitizers is controlled by the transcription factor Nrf2
      304. Alleviated Oxidative Damage by Taraxacum officinale through the Induction of Nrf2-MAPK/PI3K Mediated HO-1 Activation in Murine Macrophages RAW 264.7 Cell …
      305. alleviated the Ang II-induced hypertensive renal injury through suppressing inflammation cytokines and oxidative stress-induced apoptosis via Nrf2 and NF-κB …
      306. alleviates acute alcohol-induced liver injury in mice: Roles of suppressing hepatic oxidative stress and inflammation via modulating miR-144/Nrf2/HO-1 cascade
      307. alleviates cigarette smoke extract induced lung injury in rats by inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammation via nuclear factor kappa B, p38 MAPK and Nrf2 …
      308. Allicin decreases lipopolysaccharide-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells through suppression of mitochondrial …
      309. Allicin purified from fresh garlic cloves induces apoptosis in colon cancer cells via Nrf2
      310. Allicin suppresses the migration and invasion in cervical cancer cells mainly by inhibiting Nrf2
      311. Allopurinol Reduces Cardiac Keap1 and Activates Nrf2/p62 to Attenuate Diabetic Cardiomyopathy
      312. Allopurinol reduces oxidative stress and activates Nrf2/p62 to attenuate diabetic cardiomyopathy in rats
      313. All‑trans retinoic acid enhances temozolomide‑induced autophagy in human glioma cells U251 via targeting Keap1/Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway
      314. Allyl isothiocyanate attenuates oxidative stress and inflammation by modulating Nrf2/HO-1 and NF-κB pathways in traumatic brain injury in mice
      315. Aloin Reduces HMGB1-Mediated Septic Responses and Improves Survival in Septic Mice by Activation of the SIRT1 and PI3K/Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling Axis
      316. Aloperine activates the Nrf2‑ARE pathway when ameliorating early brain injury in a subarachnoid hemorrhage model
      317. Aloperine suppresses allergic airway inflammation through NF-κB, MAPK, and Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathways in mice
      318. Alpha lipoic acid exerts antioxidant effect via Nrf2/HO-1 pathway activation and suppresses hepatic stellate cells activation induced by methotrexate in rats
      319. Alpha lipoic acid inhibits oxidative stress‐induced apoptosis by modulating of Nrf2 signalling pathway after traumatic brain injury
      320. Alpha-lipoic acid regulates heme oxygenase gene expression and nuclear Nrf2 activation as a mechanism of protection against arsenic exposure in HepG2 cells
      321. Alpha-lipoic acid, but not di-hydrolipoic acid, activates Nrf2 response in primary human umbilical-vein endothelial cells and protects against TNF-α induced …
      322. ALS-FTLD-linked mutations of SQSTM1/p62 disrupt selective autophagy and NFE2L2/Nrf2 anti-oxidative stress pathway
      323. Alteration of serum lipid profile, SRB1 loss, and impaired Nrf2 activation in CDKL5 disorder
      324. Altered expression pattern of Nrf2/HO-1 axis during accelerated-senescence in HIV-1 transgenic rat
      325. Ambient High Temperature Induced Cellular Apoptosis and Nrf2/HO-1 Signal Pathway in Testes of Bama Miniature Pigs
      326. Ambient PM2. 5 caused depressive-like responses through Nrf2/NLRP3 signaling pathway modulating inflammation
      327. ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury in mice by suppressing oxidative stress and inflammation via the activation of the Nrf2-mediated HO-1 …
      328. ameliorates psoriatic features in keratinocytes and imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like lesions in mice via Nrf2 activation: Tussilagonone ameliorates psoriatic features
      329. Amelioration of 4-methylguaiacol on LPS-induced inflammation in THP-1 cells through NF-κB/IκBα/AP-1 and Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway
      330. Amelioration of inflammation and tissue damage in sickle cell model mice by Nrf2 activation
      331. Amelioration of Oxidative Stress in Caco-2 Cells Treated with Pro-inflammatory Proteins by Chlorogenic Acid Isomers via Activation of the Nrf2–Keap1–ARE-Signaling …
      332. Amifostine activates Nrf2 by binding to Keap1, suppressing lung inflammation
      333. AML, By Acting on the Oxphos and Wnt Endpoints of Syk and p62SQSTM1 Pathways Prohibits Protective Autophagy; While Downregulation of Nrf2, NQO1, Jun, and …
      334. Amniotic fluid activates the Nrf2/keap1 pathway to repair an epidermal barrier defect in utero
      335. AMPK/p38/Nrf2 activation as a protective feedback to restrain oxidative stress and inflammation in microglia stimulated with sodium fluoride
      336. Amplified in breast cancer 1 enhances human cholangiocarcinoma growth and chemoresistance by simultaneous activation of Akt and Nrf2 pathways
      337. An Activator Of AMP Activated Kinase (AMPK) Restores Nrf2 Protein Levels Decreased By Chronic Cigarette Smoke Exposure
      338. An effective strategy for increasing the radiosensitivity of Human lung Cancer cells by blocking Nrf2-dependent antioxidant responses
      339. An in vitro inflammation model to study the Nrf2 and NF-κB crosstalk in presence of ferulic acid as modulator
      340. An Insight Into Curcumin Derivatives in Reactivation of Nrf2 Anti-oxidative Stress Signaling in Mouse Prostate Cancer TRAMP C1 Cells
      341. An isopentenyl-substituted flavonoid norartocarpin activates Nrf2 signalling pathway and prevents oxidative insults in human lung epithelial cells
      342. An IκBα phosphorylation inhibitor induces heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression through the activation of reactive oxygen species (ROS)–Nrf2–ARE signaling and …
      343. An Nrf2 activator, oltipraz attenuates chronic hypoxia-induced cardiopulmonary alterations in mice
      344. An overview of chemical inhibitors of the Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway and their potential applications in cancer therapy
      345. An overview of the advantages of KEAP1-Nrf2 system activation during inflammatory disease treatment
      346. analog suppresses cancer cell invasion and inflammation, and displays cytoprotective effects through modulation of NF-κB and Nrf2-Keap1 signaling pathways
      347. Analyses on the influence of AMPK on the activation of Nrf2 by Xanthohumol in MEF cells
      348. Analysis of electrophile-induced Nrf2 gene activation
      349. Analytical approaches for quantification of a Nrf2 pathway activator: overcoming bioanalytical challenges to support a toxicity study
      350. and genotoxicity by an indole-based natural compound 3, 3′-diindolylmethane (DIM) through activation of Nrf2/ARE signaling pathways and inhibiting apoptosis
      351. and semi-synthetic cadinanes from Heterotheca inuloides on NF-κB, Nrf2 and STAT3 signaling pathways and evaluation of their in vitro cytotoxicity in human cancer …
      352. Andrographolide activates Keap1/Nrf2/ARE/HO-1 pathway in HT22 cells and suppresses microglial activation by Aβ42 through Nrf2-related inflammatory response
      353. Andrographolide Activates Keap1/Nrf2/ARE/HO-1 Pathway in HT22 Cells and Suppresses Microglial Activation by A𝛽42 through Nrf2-Related Inflammatory …
      354. Andrographolide Protects PC12 Cells Against β-Amyloid-Induced Autophagy-Associated Cell Death Through Activation of the Nrf2-Mediated p62 Signaling Pathway
      355. Angiogenin activates the astrocytic Nrf2/antioxidant-response element pathway and thereby protects murine neurons from oxidative stress
      356. Angiotensin receptor blockade improves antioxidant activity by increasing Nrf2 activation during a glucose challenge (693.8)
      357. Antagonistic effects of acetylshikonin on LPS-induced NO and PGE2 production in BV2 microglial cells via inhibition of ROS/PI3K/Akt-mediated NF-κB signaling and …
      358. Antcin C from Antrodia cinnamomea protects liver cells against free radical-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in vitro and in vivo through Nrf2-dependent …
      359. Anthocyanin Delphinidin Prevents Neoplastic Transformation of Mouse Skin JB6 P+ Cells: Epigenetic Re-activation of Nrf2-ARE Pathway
      360. Anthocyanins from Chinese bayberry extract activate transcription factor Nrf2 in β cells and negatively regulate oxidative stress-induced autophagy
      361. Anthocyanins from Hibiscus syriacus L. Inhibit Oxidative Stress-mediated Apoptosis by Activating the Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling Pathway
      362. Anthraquinone and naphthopyrone glycosides from Cassia obtusifolia seeds mediate hepatoprotection via Nrf2-mediated HO-1 activation and MAPK modulation
      363. Anthraquinone derivative exerted hormetic effect on the apoptosis in oxygen-glucose deprivation-induced PC12 cells via ERK and Akt activated Nrf2/HO-1 signaling …
      364. Anti-Atherogenic Effect of Laminar Shear Stress via Nrf2 Activation
      365. ANTI-CANCER ACTIVITIES OF URSOLIC ACID IN HUMAN BREAST CANCER CELLS THROUGH Nrf2 PATHWAY REGULATION
      366. Anti-cancer activity of Conyza blinii saponin against cervical carcinoma through MAPK/TGF-β/Nrf2 signaling pathways
      367. Anti-cancer activity of rosemary extract in colon cancer cells: Involvement of Nrf2 and ERK pathways
      368. Anti-cancer and potential chemopreventive actions of ginseng by activating Nrf2 (NFE2L2) anti-oxidative stress/anti-inflammatory pathways
      369. Antidepressant effects of TBE-31 and MCE-1, the novel Nrf2 activators, in an inflammation model of depression
      370. Anti-H1N1 virus, cytotoxic and Nrf2 activation activities of chemical constituents from Scutellaria baicalensis
      371. Anti-inflammatory activity of 8-hydroxydaidzein in LPS-stimulated BV2 microglial cells via activation of Nrf2-antioxidant and attenuation of Akt/NF-κB-inflammatory …
      372. Anti-inflammatory activity of myricetin from Diospyros lotus through suppression of NF-κB and STAT1 activation and Nrf2-mediated HO-1 induction in …
      373. Anti-inflammatory activity of the extracts from Rodgersia podophylla leaves through activation of Nrf2/HO-1 pathway, and inhibition of NF-κB and MAPKs pathway in …
      374. Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Erinacine C on NO Production Through Down-Regulation of NF-κB and Activation of Nrf2-Mediated HO-1 in BV2 Microglial Cells Treated …
      375. Anti-inflammatory effect of sulforaphane on LPS-activated microglia potentially through JNK/AP-1/NF-κB inhibition and Nrf2/HO-1 activation
      376. Anti-inflammatory effects of astroglial α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are mediated by inhibition of the NF-κB pathway and activation of the Nrf2 pathway
      377. Anti-inflammatory mechanism involved in pomegranate-mediated prevention of breast cancer: The role of NF-κB and Nrf2 signaling pathways
      378. Anti-neuroinflammatory activity of Elephantopus scaber L. via activation of Nrf2/HO-1 signaling and inhibition of p38 MAPK pathway in LPS-induced microglia …
      379. Anti-neuroinflammatory effect of emodin in LPS-stimulated microglia: involvement of AMPK/Nrf2 activation
      380. Antioxidant and antihypertensive responses to oral nitrite involves activation of the Nrf2 pathway
      381. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of a natural compound, shizukahenriol, through Nrf2 activation
      382. Antioxidant and hepatoprotective effect of polyphenols from apple pomace extract via apoptosis inhibition and Nrf2 activation in mice
      383. Antioxidant and pro-angiogenic effects of corilagin in rat cerebral ischemia via Nrf2 activation
      384. Antioxidant defense: Effects of an Nrf2 ARE polymorphism on the activation of phase II enzymes
      385. Antioxidant effects of diallyl trisulfide on high glucose-induced apoptosis are mediated by the PI3K/Akt-dependent activation of Nrf2 in cardiomyocytes
      386. Antioxidant efficacy and the upregulation of Nrf2-mediated HO-1 expression by (+)-lariciresinol, a lignan isolated from Rubia philippinensis, through the …
      387. Antioxidant Opuntia ficus-indica Extract Activates AHR-Nrf2 Signaling and Upregulates Filaggrin and Loricrin Expression in Human Keratinocytes
      388. Antioxidant tert-butylhydroquinone ameliorates arsenic-induced intracellular damages and apoptosis through induction of Nrf2-dependent antioxidant responses as …
      389. Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, and Neuroprotective Effects of Novel Vinyl Sulfonate Compounds as Nrf2 Activator
      390. Antioxidant-mediated up-regulation of OGG1 via Nrf2 induction is associated with inhibition of oxidative DNA damage in estrogen-induced breast cancer
      391. Antioxidants cinnamaldehyde and Galactomyces fermentation filtrate downregulate senescence marker CDKN2A/p16INK4A via Nrf2 activation in keratinocytes
      392. Antioxidative stress effect of phosphoserine dimers is mediated via activation of the Nrf2 signaling pathway
      393. Anti-oxidizing effect of the dichloromethane and hexane fractions from Orostachys japonicus in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells via upregulation of Nrf2 …
      394. Anti-tumor effects of metformin: Effects of metformin on Sirt1, Nrf2 and AhR expression in cancer cells
      395. Antiviral effect of 7-(4-benzimidazole-butoxy)-coumarin on rhabdoviral clearance via Nrf2 activation regulated by PKCα/β phosphorylation
      396. Antroquinonol differentially modulates T cell activity and reduces interleukin‐18 production, but enhances Nrf2 activation, in murine accelerated severe lupus nephritis
      397. Antroquinonol reduces oxidative stress by enhancing the Nrf2 signaling pathway and inhibits inflammation and sclerosis in focal segmental glomerulosclerosis mice
      398. Apigenin exhibits protective effects in a mouse model of d-galactose-induced aging via activating the Nrf2 pathway
      399. Apigenin protects human melanocytes against oxidative damage by activation of the Nrf2 pathway
      400. Apigenin, a modulator of PPARγ, attenuates HFD-induced NAFLD by regulating hepatocyte lipid metabolism and oxidative stress via Nrf2 activation
      401. aPKCι promotes gallbladder cancer tumorigenesis and gemcitabine resistance by competing with Nrf2 for binding to Keap1
      402. Apoptotic cell death induced by Z-Ligustilidein human ovarian cancer cells and role of Nrf2
      403. Applying an Electrophilicity-Based Strategy to Develop a Novel Nrf2 Activator Inspired from Dietary [6]-Shogaol
      404. Are astrocytes the predominant cell type for activation of Nrf2 in aging and neurodegeneration?
      405. Aromatase Inhibitor–Mediated Downregulation of INrf2 (Keap1) Leads to Increased Nrf2 and Resistance in Breast Cancer
      406. Arsenic induces p62 expression to form a positive feedback loop with Nrf2 in human epidermal keratinocytes: implications for preventing arsenic-induced skin cancer
      407. Arsenic-induced Metabolic Reprogramming: A Role for Autophagy, Nrf2, and OGlcNAcylation
      408. Arsenic‐mediated activation of the Nrf2‐Keap1 antioxidant pathway
      409. Artemether Activation of AMPK/GSK3β (ser9)/Nrf2 Signaling Confers Neuroprotection towards β-Amyloid-Induced Neurotoxicity in 3xTg Alzheimer’s Mouse Model
      410. Artemisitene activates the Nrf2-dependent antioxidant response and protects against bleomycin-induced lung injury
      411. Artesunate activates Nrf2 pathway-driven anti-inflammatory potential through ERK signaling in microglial BV2 cells
      412. Artesunate protects LPS-induced acute lung injury by inhibiting TLR4 expression and inducing Nrf2 activation
      413. Arthritis Severity in Experimental Arthritis Model Via Reciprocal Regulation of Th17–Regulatory T Cells and Mediating Heme Oxygenase-1 Via Nrf2 Activation
      414. Article Antcin C from Antrodia cinnamomea Protects Liver Cells Against Free Radical-Induced Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis In Vitro and In Vivo through Nrf2 …
      415. Artocarmitin B enhances intracellular antioxidant capacity via activation of Nrf2 signaling pathway in human lung epithelial cells
      416. Asbestos induces oxidative stress and activation of Nrf2 signaling in murine macrophages: chemopreventive role of the synthetic lignan secoisolariciresinol …
      417. Ascorbic acid reduces HMGB1 secretion in lipopolysaccharide-activated RAW 264.7 cells and improves survival rate in septic mice by activation of Nrf2/HO-1 signals
      418. Asiatic acid enhances Nrf2 signaling to protect HepG2 cells from oxidative damage through Akt and ERK activation
      419. Aspalathus linearis extract on diesel exhaust particles induced inflammation and oxidative stress involve NF-κB-and Nrf2-dependent pathways modulation
      420. Aspirin suppresses neuronal apoptosis, reduces tissue inflammation, and restrains astrocyte activation by activating the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway
      421. Association between 18F-FDG uptake in PET/CT, Nrf2, and NQO1 expression and their prognostic significance in non-small cell lung cancer.
      422. Association of Neuroprotective Effect of Di-O-Demethylcurcumin on Aβ25–35-Induced Neurotoxicity with Suppression of NF-κB and Activation of Nrf2
      423. Associations between the Nrf2/Keap1 pathway and mitochondrial functions in colorectal cancer are affected by metastasis
      424. Assurance of mitochondrial integrity and mammalian longevity by the p62–Keap1–Nrf2–Nqo1 cascade
      425. Astaxanthin activates nuclear factor erythroid-related factor 2 and the antioxidant responsive element (Nrf2-ARE) pathway in the brain after subarachnoid hemorrhage …
      426. Astaxanthin ameliorates cardiomyocyte apoptosis after coronary microembolization by inhibiting oxidative stress via Nrf2/HO-1 pathway in rats
      427. Astaxanthin Suppresses Cigarette Smoke-Induced Emphysema through Nrf2 Activation in Mice
      428. Astaxanthin-Rich Haematococcus pluvialis Algal Hepatic Modulation in D-Galactose-Induced Aging in Rats: Role of Nrf2
      429. ASTHMA AND ALLERGY CELLULAR INVESTIGATIONS: Sulforaphane Abrogates Steroid Insensitivity In Cigarette Smoke-Induced Airway Inflammation Through Nrf2 …
      430. Astragali radix and its main bioactive compounds activate the Nrf2-mediated signaling pathway to induce P-glycoprotein and breast cancer resistance protein
      431. Astragaloside IV ameliorates high glucose‑induced HK‑2 cell apoptosis and oxidative stress by regulating the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway
      432. Astragaloside IV and ferulic acid synergistically promote neurite outgrowth through Nrf2 activation
      433. Astragaloside IV attenuates lead acetate-induced inhibition of neurite outgrowth through activation of Akt-dependent Nrf2 pathway in vitro
      434. Astragalus membranaceus extract attenuates inflammation and oxidative stress in intestinal epithelial cells via NF-κB activation and Nrf2 response
      435. Astrocytes prevent ethanol induced apoptosis of Nrf2 depleted neurons by maintaining GSH homeostasis
      436. Atorvastatin attenuates inflammation and oxidative stress induced by ischemia/reperfusion in rat heart via the Nrf2 transcription factor
      437. Atorvastatin induces mitochondrial dysfunction and cell apoptosis in HepG2 cells via inhibition of the Nrf2 pathway
      438. Atrazine triggers hepatic oxidative stress and apoptosis in quails (Coturnix C. coturnix) via blocking Nrf2-mediated defense response
      439. attenuates LPS-induced inflammation in mouse macrophage RAW264. 7 cells by inhibiting the JNK/NF-κB signaling pathway and activating the PI3K/Akt/Nrf2 …
      440. Attenuation of doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity and genotoxicity by an indole-based natural compound 3, 3′-diindolylmethane (DIM) through activation of Nrf2/ARE …
      441. Attenuation of NF-κB and activation of Nrf2 signaling by 1, 2, 4-triazine derivatives, protects neuron-like PC12 cells against apoptosis
      442. Aucubin, a natural iridoid glucoside, attenuates oxidative stress-induced testis injury by inhibiting JNK and CHOP activation via Nrf2 up-regulation
      443. Auranofin, a gold (I)-containing antirheumatic compound, activates Keap1/Nrf2 signaling via Rac1/iNOS signal and mitogen-activated protein kinase activation
      444. Aurothioglucose does not improve alveolarization or elicit sustained Nrf2 activation in C57BL/6 models of bronchopulmonary dysplasia
      445. Autophagy ablation in adipocytes induces insulin resistance and reveals roles for lipid peroxide and Nrf2 signaling in adipose-liver crosstalk
      446. Autophagy deficiency diminishes indomethacin-induced intestinal epithelial cell damage through activation of the ERK/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway
      447. Autophagy inhibition engages Nrf2-p62 Ub-associated signaling
      448. Autophagy involved in the activation of the Nrf2-antioxidant system in testes of heat-exposed mice
      449. Autophagy Regulates Bile Acid Metabolism via a Nrf2-FXR Signaling Axis
      450. Avenanthramides prevent osteoblast and osteocyte apoptosis and induce osteoclast apoptosis in vitro in an Nrf2-independent manner
      451. B chemokine receptor-induced growth-inhibitory signal in cancer cells is mediated through the regulation of Bach-1 protein and Nrf2 protein nuclear translocation
      452. b, a nutmeg lignan, in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Anti-lipogenic and hepatocyte-protective effects through amp-activated protein kinase and Nrf2 activation
      453. B31 INFLAMMATION AND COPD: Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Regulator Inhibits Cigarette Smoke-Induced COPD Via Suppressing Chloride-Erk1/2-Nrf2 Axis
      454. B32 REGULATION OF INFLAMMATION AND LUNG INJURY I: Pu. 1 Regulates Nrf2 In The Alveolar Macrophage
      455. B32 REGULATION OF INFLAMMATION AND LUNG INJURY I: Treatment With S-Adenosylmethionine And Zinc Restores Nrf2 And Nrf2-Antioxidant Response …
      456. Babao Dan attenuates acute ethanol-induced liver injury via Nrf2 activation and autophagy
      457. Baicalein protects against 6-OHDA-induced neurotoxicity through activation of Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 and involving PKCα and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways
      458. Baicalein protects C6 glial cells against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis through regulation of the Nrf2 signaling pathway
      459. Baicalein protects human vitiligo melanocytes from oxidative stress through activation of NF-E2-related factor2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway
      460. Baicalin ameliorates experimental liver cholestasis in mice by modulation of oxidative stress, inflammation, and Nrf2 transcription factor
      461. Baicalin ameliorates H2O2 induced cytotoxicity in HK-2 cells through the inhibition of ER stress and the activation of Nrf2 signaling
      462. Baicalin ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury in mice by suppressing oxidative stress and inflammation via the activation of the Nrf2-mediated HO …
      463. Baicalin ameliorates liver injury induced by chronic plus binge ethanol feeding by modulating oxidative stress and inflammation via CYP2E1 and Nrf2 in mice
      464. Baicalin relieves hypoxia-aroused H9c2 cell apoptosis by activating Nrf2/HO-1-mediated HIF1α/BNIP3 pathway
      465. Bakuchiol is a phenolic isoprenoid with novel enantiomer-selective anti-influenza A virus activity involving Nrf2 activation
      466. Bardoxolone activates cardiac Nrf2, increases antioxidant expression and lowers arterial pressure in rats with heart failure
      467. Bardoxolone methyl decreases megalin and activates Nrf2 in the kidney
      468. Bardoxolone treatment alleviates lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury through suppressing inflammation and oxidative stress regulated by Nrf2 …
      469. BDNF differentially activates Nrf2 in astrocytes and neurons
      470. BDNF-p75NTR Signaling Axis Regulates Circadian Activation of Nrf2 in Astrocytes
      471. bee honey protects against lipopolysaccharide induced-chronic subclinical systemic inflammation and oxidative stress by modulating Nrf2, NF-κB and p38 …
      472. Bee venom improves diabetic wound healing by protecting functional macrophages from apoptosis and enhancing Nrf2, Ang-1 and Tie-2 signaling
      473. Beneficial Bacteria Enhance Cardiovascular Health by Modulating Inflammation and Nrf2 Pathway Signaling
      474. Beneficial effects of bardoxolone methyl, an Nrf2 activator, on crush-related acute kidney injury in rats
      475. Beneficial Effects of Nrf2 Activation on Vascular Function and Detrimental Effects of Nrf2 Activation on Renal Function in Dahl Salt-Sensitive Rats
      476. Benfotiamine treatment activates the Nrf2/ARE pathway and is neuroprotective in a transgenic mouse model of tauopathy
      477. Benznidazole, the trypanocidal drug used for Chagas disease, induces hepatic Nrf2 activation and attenuates the inflammatory response in a murine model of sepsis
      478. Berberine activates Nrf2 nuclear translocation and inhibits apoptosis induced by high glucose in renal tubular epithelial cells through a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase …
      479. Berberine activates Nrf2 nuclear translocation and protects against oxidative damage via a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt-dependent mechanism in NSC34 motor …
      480. Berberine ameliorates methotrexate-induced liver injury by activating Nrf2/HO-1 pathway and PPARγ, and suppressing oxidative stress and apoptosis in rats
      481. Berberine Attenuates Cholesterol Accumulation in Macrophage Foam Cells by Suppressing AP-1 Activity and Activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 Pathway
      482. Berberine protects immortalized line of human melanocytes from H2O2-induced oxidative stress via activation of Nrf2 and Mitf signaling pathway
      483. Berberine upregulates P-glycoprotein in human Caco-2 cells and in an experimental model of colitis in the rat via activation of Nrf2-dependent mechanisms
      484. Berberine, an isoquinoline alkaloid suppresses TXNIP mediated NLRP3 inflammasome activation in MSU crystal stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages through the …
      485. Bilirubin mediated oxidative stress involves antioxidant response activation via Nrf2 pathway
      486. Bioactive food components prevent carcinogenic stress via Nrf2 activation in BRCA1 deficient breast epithelial cells
      487. Biochanin A protects lipopolysaccharide/D-galactosamine-induced acute liver injury in mice by activating the Nrf2 pathway and inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome …
      488. Bioengineered Nrf2-siRNA is effective to interfere with Nrf2 pathways and improve chemosensitivity of human cancer cells
      489. Biomechanical forces in atherosclerosis-resistant vascular regions regulate endothelial redox balance via phosphoinositol 3-kinase/Akt-dependent activation of Nrf2
      490. Bisdemethoxycurcumin Protection of Cardiomyocyte Mainly Depends on Nrf2/HO-1 Activation Mediated by the PI3K/AKT Pathway
      491. Black Truffle aqueous extract attenuates oxidative stress and inflammation in STZ-induced hyperglycemic rats via Nrf2 and NF-κB pathways
      492. bladder cancer cells through a reactive oxygen species-mediated mitochondrial pathway: The involvement of endoplasmic reticulum stress and the Nrf2 …
      493. BML-111 accelerates the resolution of inflammation by modulating the Nrf2/HO-1 and NF-κB pathways in rats with ventilator-induced lung injury
      494. BML-111 attenuates high glucose-induced inflammation, oxidative stress and reduces extracellular matrix accumulation via targeting Nrf2 in rat glomerular mesangial …
      495. BMP-driven Nrf2 activation in esophageal basal cell differentiation and eosinophilic esophagitis
      496. Boric acid activation of eIF2α and Nrf2 Is PERK dependent: A mechanism that explains how boron prevents DNA damage and enhances antioxidant status
      497. Boron affects the development of the kidney through modulation of apoptosis, antioxidant capacity, and Nrf2 pathway in the African ostrich chicks
      498. BQ123 stimulates skeletal muscle antioxidant defense via Nrf2 activation in LPS-treated rats
      499. Brahma-related gene 1 ameliorates the neuronal apoptosis and oxidative stress induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation through activation of …
      500. Brain ischemic preconditioning protects against ischemic injury and preserves the blood-brain barrier via oxidative signaling and Nrf2 activation
      501. Brain Nrf2 pathway, autophagy, and synaptic function proteins are modulated by a short-term fructose feeding in young and adult rats
      502. Brain Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Augments Sympathoexcitation and Left Ventricular Remodeling of Heart Failure via Dysfunction of Nrf2-mediated Anti-apoptosis in …
      503. Breast cancer susceptibility protein 1 (BRCA1) rescues neurons from cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury through Nrf2-mediated antioxidant pathway
      504. Brg1 Protects Cardiomyocytes Against Oxidative Damage Through Activation of the Nrf2 Signaling Pathway in Acute Myocardial Infarction
      505. Brg1-mediated Nrf2/HO-1 pathway activation alleviates hepatic ischemia–reperfusion injury
      506. Broccoli sprout extract prevents diabetic cardiomyopathy via Nrf2 activation in db/db T2DM mice
      507. Bromocriptine activates NQO1 via Nrf2-PI3K/Akt signaling: novel cytoprotective mechanism against oxidative damage
      508. Brusatol enhances the chemotherapy efficacy of gemcitabine in pancreatic cancer via the Nrf2 signalling pathway
      509. Brusatol, an Nrf2 inhibitor for future cancer therapeutic
      510. by dietary phytochemicals: cytoprotection by Nrf2 in normal cells and cytotoxicity by modulation of transcription factors NF-κB and AP-1 in abnormal cancer cells
      511. by Its Interplay with HSP90, Activates a Positive Feed-Back Loop Between Nrf2 and p62 that Induces Chemo-Resistance to Apigenin in Pancreatic Cancer …
      512. C108 AGING: THE COMMON DENOMINATOR: The Nrf2 Antioxidant Response Pathway Is Impaired In Cellular Senescence
      513. C99: Wogonin enhanced reactive oxygen species-induced apoptosis and potentiated cytotoxic effects of chemotherapeutic agents by Nrf2 suppression in HepG2 …
      514. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester activation of Nrf2 pathway is enhanced under oxidative state: structural analysis and potential as a pathologically targeted therapeutic …
      515. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester-mediated Nrf2 activation and IκB kinase inhibition are involved in NFκB inhibitory effect: structural analysis for NFκB inhibition
      516. Caffeoylserotonin Protects Human Keratinocyte HaCaT Cells against H2O2‐Induced Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis through Upregulation of HO‐1 Expression via …
      517. Calycosin regulates glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis via Nrf2/ARE signaling in MC3T3-E1 cells
      518. Calycosin suppresses expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines via the activation of p62/Nrf2-linked heme oxygenase 1 in rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts
      519. Can co-activation of Nrf2 and neurotrophic signaling pathway slow Alzheimer’s disease?
      520. Can Nrf2 Modulate the Development of Intestinal Fibrosis and Cancer in Inflammatory Bowel Disease?
      521. Cancer cell growth is differentially affected by constitutive activation of Nrf2 by KEAP1 deletion and pharmacological activation of Nrf2 by the synthetic …
      522. cancer cell line secretome highlights the roles of transforming growth factor-beta-induced protein ig-h3, peroxiredoxin-2, and Nrf2 on cervical carcinogenesis
      523. Cancer Cell Metabolism Featuring Nrf2.
      524. Cancer cells upregulate Nrf2 signaling to adapt to autophagy inhibition
      525. Cancer chemoprevention by traditional Chinese herbal medicine and dietary phytochemicals: targeting Nrf2-mediated oxidative stress/anti-inflammatory …
      526. Cancer chemoprevention mechanisms mediated through the Keap1–Nrf2 pathway
      527. Cancer colorectal et viande rouge: les produits dérivés de la lipoperoxydation induisent différentes réponses d’apoptose, d’autophagie et de Nrf2 dans des cellules …
      528. Cancer related mutations in Nrf2 impair its recognition by Keap1-Cul3 E3 ligase and promote malignancy
      529. Cancer-derived mutations in KEAP1 impair Nrf2 degradation but not ubiquitination
      530. Canonical and non-canonical mechanisms of Nrf2 activation
      531. Capsaicin Induces Heme Oxygenase-1 Expression in HepG2 Cells Via Activation of PI3K-Nrf2 Signaling: NAD(P)H:Quinone Oxidoreductase as a Potential Target
      532. Carbocisteine Reduced Influenza Virus-Induced Pulmonary Inflammation Via Activation Of Nrf2 In Cigarette Smoke-Exposed Mice
      533. Carbon disulfide activates p62-Nrf2-keap1 pathway in rat nerve tissues
      534. Carbon monoxide mediates heme oxygenase 1 induction via Nrf2 activation in hepatoma cells
      535. Carbon monoxide produced by heme oxygenase-1 in response to nitrosative stress induces expression of glutamate-cysteine ligase in PC12 cells via activation of …
      536. Carbon monoxide releasing molecule-A1 improves nonalcoholic steatohepatitis via Nrf2 activation mediated improvement in oxidative stress and …
      537. Cardamonin protects against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in mice by restraining oxidative stress and inflammation associated with Nrf2 signaling
      538. Cardamonin, a natural flavone, alleviates inflammatory bowel disease by the inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation via an AhR/Nrf2/NQO1 pathway
      539. Cardiac Aging–Benefits of Exercise, Nrf2 Activation and Antioxidant Signaling
      540. Cardioprotective role of azafrin in against myocardial injury in rats via activation of the Nrf2-ARE pathway
      541. Carnosic acid protects mitochondria of human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells exposed to paraquat through activation of the Nrf2/HO-1Axis
      542. Carnosic acid, a catechol‐type electrophilic compound, protects neurons both in vitro and in vivo through activation of the Keap1/Nrf2 pathway via S‐alkylation of …
      543. Carnosine Protects Mouse Podocytes from High Glucose Induced Apoptosis through PI3K/AKT and Nrf2 Pathways
      544. Carnosol as a Nrf2 Activator Improves Endothelial Barrier Function Through Antioxidative Mechanisms
      545. Carnosol, a dietary diterpene from rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) activates Nrf2 leading to sestrin 2 induction in colon cells
      546. CART peptide activates the Nrf2/HO-1 antioxidant pathway and protects hippocampal neurons in a rat model of Alzheimer’s disease
      547. Carvedilol, a third-generation β-blocker prevents oxidative stress-induced neuronal death and activates Nrf2/ARE pathway in HT22 cells
      548. Caspase-independent apoptosis in infected macrophages triggered by sulforaphane via Nrf2/p38 signaling pathways
      549. Catalpol Modulates Lifespan via DAF-16/FOXO and SKN-1/Nrf2 Activation in
      550. Catalpol modulates lifespan via DAF-16/FOXO and SKN-1/Nrf2 activation in Caenorhabditis elegans
      551. Catechol estrogens mediated activation of Nrf2 through covalent modification of its quinone metabolite to Keap1
      552. Caveolin-1 regulates cancer cell metabolism via scavenging Nrf2 and suppressing MnSOD-driven glycolysis
      553. CB1 receptor blockade ameliorates hepatic fat infiltration and inflammation and increases Nrf2-AMPK pathway in a rat model of severely uncontrolled …
      554. CD28 Deficiency Ameliorates Thoracic Blast Exposure-Induced Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis in the Brain through the PI3K/Nrf2/Keap1 Signaling Pathway
      555. CDCA4, a downstream gene of the Nrf2 signaling pathway, regulates cell proliferation and apoptosis in the MCF‑7/ADM human breast cancer cell line
      556. CDK20 interacts with KEAP1 to activate Nrf2 and promotes radiochemoresistance in lung cancer cells
      557. Celastrol attenuates angiotensin II mediated human umbilical vein endothelial cells damage through activation of Nrf2/ERK1/2/Nox2 signal pathway
      558. Celastrol shows chemopreventive properties in an inflammatory driven model for colon cancer via induction of Nrf2 transcription.
      559. Celecoxib exerts protective effects in the vascular endothelium via COX-2-independent activation of AMPK-CREB-Nrf2 signalling
      560. Cell-specific activation of the Nrf2 antioxidant pathway increases mucosal inflammation in acute but not in chronic colitis
      561. Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) upregulates heme oxygenase-1 through activation of ERK-Nrf2 signaling: Cytoprotective mechanism against oxidative damage
      562. Chamomile confers protection against hydrogen peroxide-induced toxicity through activation of Nrf2-mediated defense response
      563. Chamomile confers protection against hydrogen peroxide‐induced toxicity through activation of Nrf2‐mediated defense response
      564. Characterization of KEAP1-Nrf2 genomic alterations across diverse tumor types: Co-occurring alterations, survival outcomes, and implications for targeting cancer …
      565. Characterization of Nrf2 activation and heme oxygenase-1 expression in NIH3T3 cells exposed to aqueous extracts of cigarette smoke
      566. Characterization of RA839, a noncovalent small molecule binder to Keap1 and selective activator of Nrf2 signaling
      567. Characterization of the Molecular Mechanisms of Xenobiotic-Induced Nrf2 Activation for Disease Prevention and Intervention
      568. Characterization of the potent, selective Nrf2 activator, 3-(pyridin-3-ylsulfonyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)-2h-chromen-2-one, in cellular and in vivo models of pulmonary …
      569. Che-1 attenuates hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis by upregulation of Nrf2 signaling
      570. Chelerythrine attenuates the inflammation of lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung inflammation through NF-κB signaling pathway mediated by Nrf2
      571. Chemical activation of the constitutive androstane receptor leads to activation of oxidant-induced Nrf2
      572. Chemical and biological mechanisms of phytochemical activation of Nrf2 and importance in disease prevention
      573. chemical and genomic screening approach for druggable targets in the Nrf2 pathway and small molecule inhibitors to overcome cancer cell drug resistance
      574. Chemoenzymatic synthesis of (2 R, 3 R, 4 R)-dehydroxymethylepoxyquinomicin (DHMEQ), a new activator of antioxidant transcription factor Nrf2
      575. Chemoprevention of dietary digitoflavone on colitis-associated colon tumorigenesis through inducing Nrf2 signaling pathway and inhibition of inflammation
      576. Chemopreventive role of anthocyanins in atherosclerosis via activation of Nrf2–ARE as an indicator and modulator of redox
      577. Chestnut Leaf Extract Increases Sensitivity of Breast Cancer Stem Cells to Paclitaxel by Inhibiting Nrf2 Activity
      578. Chicoric acid prevents methotrexate-induced kidney injury by suppressing nf-κb/nlrp3 inflammasome activation and up-regulating Nrf2/are/ho-1 signaling
      579. chinensis planch. improves the indices of antioxidant and anti-inflammation status of type 2 diabetes mellitus by activating Keap1 and Nrf2 via the upregulation of …
      580. Chitooligosaccharides Attenuate Cu2+-Induced Cellular Oxidative Damage and Cell Apoptosis Involving Nrf2 Activation
      581. Chitooligosaccharides inhibit ethanol-induced oxidative stress via activation of Nrf2 and reduction of MAPK phosphorylation
      582. Chitosan oligosaccharides prevent doxorubicin-induced oxidative stress and cardiac apoptosis through activating p38 and JNK MAPK mediated Nrf2/ARE pathway
      583. Chlorella ethanol extract induced phase II enzyme through NFE2L2 (nuclear factor [erythroid-derived] 2-like 2, Nrf2) activation and protected ethanol-induced …
      584. Chloroform Fraction Of Gleditsia Sinensis Thorns Activates Nrf2 And Increases The Expression Of Antioxidant Genes
      585. Chlorogenic acid prevents diabetic nephropathy by inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammation through modulation of the Nrf2/HO-1 and NF-ĸB pathways
      586. Chlorogenic acid promotes the Nrf2/HO-1 anti-oxidative pathway by activating p21Waf1/Cip1 to resist dexamethasone-induced apoptosis in osteoblastic cells
      587. Chlorpyrifos activates cell pyroptosis and increases susceptibility on oxidative stress‐induced toxicity by miR‐181/SIRT1/PGC‐1α/Nrf2 signaling pathway in human …
      588. Chromium (VI)‐induced oxidative stress and apoptosis is reduced by garlic and its derivative S‐allylcysteine through the activation of Nrf2 in the hepatocytes of Wistar …
      589. Chronic activation of hepatic Nrf2 has no major effect on fatty acid and glucose metabolism in adult mice
      590. Chronic Administration of S-Allylcysteine Activates Nrf2 Factor and Enhances the Activity of Antioxidant Enzymes in the Striatum, Frontal Cortex and Hippocampus
      591. Chronic Arsenic-Induced Metabolic Syndrome: A Role for Prolonged Nrf2 Activation and Mitochondrial Metabolism
      592. Chronic Cigarette Smoke Causes Oxidative Damage and Apoptosis to Retinal Pigmented Epithelial Cells, in Nrf2-/-Mice
      593. Chronic Oxidative Stress Promotes Molecular Changes Associated with Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition, Nrf2, and Breast Cancer Stem Cell Phenotype
      594. Chronic oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, Nrf2 activation and inflammation in the hippocampus accompany heightened systemic inflammation and …
      595. Chrysin attenuates carrageenan-induced pleurisy and lung injury via activation of SIRT1/Nrf2 pathway in rats
      596. Chrysin loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) triggers apoptosis in MCF-7 cancer cells by inhibiting the Nrf2 pathway
      597. Cigarette smoke-induced acute lung injury exacerbates non-typeable haemophilus influenzae-induced inflammation: Protective effect of andrographolide through Nrf2
      598. Cigarette smoking blocks the protective expression of Nrf2/ARE pathway in peripheral mononuclear cells of young heavy smokers favouring inflammation
      599. Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) protects myocardial cells from oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD)/Re-oxygenation via activation of Akt-Nrf2 signaling
      600. Cilostazol enhances apoptosis of synovial cells from rheumatoid arthritis patients with inhibition of cytokine formation via Nrf2‐linked heme oxygenase 1 induction
      601. Cinnamaldehyde attenuates high glucose-induced oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction as an Nrf2 activator
      602. Cinnamaldehyde inhibits the tumor necrosis factor-α-induced expression of cell adhesion molecules in endothelial cells by suppressing NF-κB activation: Effects upon …
      603. Cinnamaldehydes inhibit thioredoxin reductase and induce Nrf2: potential candidates for cancer therapy and chemoprevention
      604. Circadian control of BDNF-mediated Nrf2 activation in astrocytes protects dopaminergic neurons from ferroptosis
      605. Circadian control of p75 neurotrophin receptor leads to alternate activation of Nrf2 and c-Rel to reset energy metabolism in astrocytes via brain-derived neurotrophic …
      606. Citral alleviates an accelerated and severe lupus nephritis model by inhibiting the activation signal of NLRP3 inflammasome and enhancing Nrf2 activation
      607. Citral is renoprotective for focal segmental glomerulosclerosis by inhibiting oxidative stress and apoptosis and activating Nrf2 pathway in mice
      608. Clinical significance of Nrf2 expression in benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer tissues
      609. Clinicopathologic significance of CXCR4 and Nrf2 in colorectal cancer
      610. Clinicopathological significance of nuclear factor (erythroid-2)-related factor 2 (Nrf2) expression in gastric cancer
      611. Clinicopathological, microenvironmental and genetic determinants of molecular subtypes in KEAP1/Nrf2‐mutant lung cancer
      612. Close teamwork between Nrf2 and peroxiredoxins 1 and 6 for the regulation of prostaglandin D2 and E2 production in macrophages in acute inflammation
      613. CO/HO-1 induces NQO-1 expression via Nrf2 activation
      614. Co-activation of PKC-δ by CRIF1 modulates oxidative stress in bone marrow multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells after irradiation by phosphorylating Nrf2 …
      615. Co–Cr dental alloys induces cytotoxicity and inflammatory responses via activation of Nrf2/antioxidant signaling pathways in human gingival fibroblasts and …
      616. Coenzyme Q0 regulates NFκB/AP-1 activation and enhances Nrf2 stabilization in attenuation of LPS-induced inflammation and redox imbalance: Evidence from in …
      617. Cold exposure induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in the myocardium by inhibiting the Nrf2-Keap1 signaling pathway
      618. Colloidal carbon stimulation of Kupffer cells triggers Nrf2 activation in the isolated perfused rat liver
      619. Colon-Targeted Delivery Facilitates the Therapeutic Switching of Sofalcone, a Gastroprotective Agent, to an Anticolitic Drug via Nrf2 Activation
      620. Combined effects of chemotherapy and Nrf2 activation in colorectal cancer cells in vitro
      621. Combined inhibition of autophagy and Nrf2 signaling augments bortezomib-induced apoptosis by increasing ROS production and ER stress in pancreatic …
      622. Combustion-derived flame generated ultrafine soot generates reactive oxygen species and activates Nrf2 antioxidants differently in neonatal and adult rat …
      623. Comment on hydroxytyrosol induces proliferation and cytoprotection against oxidative injury in vascular endothelial cells: role of Nrf2 activation and HO-1 …
      624. Comment on” Nrf2 activation by antioxidant antidiabetic agents accelerates tumor metastasis”.
      625. Comparative analysis of Nrf2-responsive gene expression in AcPC-1 pancreatic cancer cell line
      626. Compound 13 activates AMPK-Nrf2 signaling to protect neuronal cells from oxygen glucose deprivation-reoxygenation
      627. Compound Analysis of Jing Liqueur and Nrf2 Activation by Jing Liqueur—One of the Most Popular Beverages in China
      628. Comprehensive landscape of Nrf2 and p53 pathway activation dynamics by oxidative stress and DNA damage
      629. Concomitant Nrf2-and ATF4-activation by carnosic acid cooperatively induces expression of cytoprotective genes
      630. Conditional Deletion of Nrf2 in Airway Epithelium Exacerbates Acute Lung Injury and Impairs the Resolution of Inflammation
      631. Coniferaldehyde attenuates Alzheimer’s pathology via activation of Nrf2 and its targets
      632. Constitutive activation of Nrf2 induces a stable reductive state in the mouse myocardium
      633. Constitutive activation of the Nrf2/Keap1 pathway in insecticide-resistant strains of Drosophila
      634. Constitutive overexpression of Nrf2 in esophageal adenocarcinoma protects cancer cells from bile salts-induced DNA damage and favors cancer cell survival
      635. Constitutive overexpression of Nrf2-dependent heme oxygenase-1 in A549 cells contributes to resistance to apoptosis induced by epigallocatechin 3-gallate
      636. Constitutive overexpression of Nrf2-dependent HO-1 confers resistance to apoptosis by EGCG in human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells
      637. Construction of a novel quinoxaline as a new class of Nrf2 activator
      638. Continued 26S proteasome dysfunction in mouse brain cortical neurons impairs autophagy and the Keap1-Nrf2 oxidative defence pathway
      639. Continuous activation of Nrf2 and its target antioxidant enzymes leads to arsenite-induced malignant transformation of human bronchial epithelial cells
      640. Contradictory roles of Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway in cancer prevention/promotion and chemoresistance
      641. Contrasting effects of a classic Nrf2 activator, tert-butylhydroquinone, on the glutathione-related antioxidant defenses in Pacific oysters, Crassostrea gigas
      642. Contribution of impaired Nrf2-Keap1 pathway to oxidative stress and inflammation in chronic renal failure
      643. Control of cellular redox status and upregulation of quinone reductase NQO1 via Nrf2 activation by α-lipoic acid in human leukemia HL-60 cells
      644. Control of oxidative stress and inflammation in sickle cell disease with the Nrf2 activator dimethyl fumarate
      645. Controversy about pharmacological modulation of Nrf2 for cancer therapy
      646. Converting redox signaling to apoptotic activities by stress-responsive regulators HSF1 and Nrf2 in fenretinide treated cancer cells
      647. CoPP protects human cardiac stem cells against apoptosis through activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)/Nrf2 signaling pathway and …
      648. Copper diethyldithiocarbamate as an activator of Nrf2 in cultured vascular endothelial cells
      649. Copper-induced tight junction mRNA expression changes, apoptosis and antioxidant responses via NF-κB, TOR and Nrf2 signaling molecules in the gills of fish …
      650. Cordycepin prevents radiation ulcer by inhibiting cell senescence via Nrf2 and AMPK in rodents
      651. Cordycepin sensitizes breast cancer cells toward irradiation through elevating ROS production involving Nrf2
      652. Cordyceps sinensis increases hypoxia tolerance by inducing heme oxygenase-1 and metallothionein via Nrf2 activation in human lung epithelial cells
      653. CO-Releasing molecule-2 induces Nrf2/ARE-dependent heme oxygenase-1 expression suppressing TNF-α-induced pulmonary inflammation
      654. Coreopsis tinctoria flowers extract ameliorates D-galactose induced aging in mice via regulation of Sirt1-Nrf2 signaling pathway
      655. coriaceum extracts exert leishmanicidal effect acting in promastigote forms by apoptosis-like mechanism and intracellular amastigotes by Nrf2/HO-1/ferritin …
      656. Coroglaucigenin enhances the radiosensitivity of human lung cancer cells through Nrf2/ROS pathway
      657. Correction to: A Dual AMPK/Nrf2 Activator Reduces Brain Inflammation After Stroke by Enhancing Microglia M2 Polarization by Wang Y, Huang Y, Xu Y, Ruan W …
      658. Correction to: Chronic Administration of S-Allylcysteine Activates Nrf2 Factor and Enhances the Activity of Antioxidant Enzymes in the Striatum, Frontal Cortex and …
      659. Correction to: Sulforaphane protects granulosa cells against oxidative stress via activation of Nrf2-ARE pathway
      660. Correction: Oncogenic KRAS confers chemoresistance by upregulating Nrf2 (Cancer Research (2014) 74 (7430-7441
      661. Correction: Regulation of Cigarette Smoke (CS)-Induced Autophagy by Nrf2
      662. Correction: The Nrf2 inhibitor brusatol is a potent antitumour agent in an orthotopic mouse model of colorectal cancer
      663. Correction: TNF Mediates the Sustained Activation of Nrf2 in Human Monocytes
      664. Correlation of NQO1 and Nrf2 in Female Genital Tract Cancer and Their Precancerous Lesions (Cervix, Endometrium and Ovary)
      665. Correlation of Nrf2 and C-MYC in samll cell lung cancer
      666. Correlation of Nrf2 and progesterone receptor and its effects on ovarian cancer biology
      667. Correlation of Nrf2, HO-1, and MRP3 in gallbladder cancer and their relationships to clinicopathologic features and survival
      668. Correlation of Nrf2, NQO1, MRP1, cmyc and p53 in colorectal cancer and their relationships to clinicopathologic features and survival
      669. Corrigendum to “Breast cancer susceptibility protein 1 (BRCA1) rescues neurons from cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury through Nrf2-mediated antioxidant …
      670. Corrigendum to “Polydatin prevents fructose-induced liver inflammation and lipid deposition through increasing miR-200a to regulate Keap1/Nrf2 pathway”[Redox Biol …
      671. Corrigendum to” An in vitro inflammation model to study the Nrf2 and NF-κB crosstalk in presence of ferulic acid as modulator
      672. Corrigendum to: The Effect of Aging on Acetaminophen Pharmacokinetics, Toxicity and Nrf2 in Fischer 344 Rats
      673. Coxiella burnetii subverts p62/sequestosome 1 and activates Nrf2 signaling in human macrophages
      674. CPUY192018, a potent inhibitor of the Keap1-Nrf2 protein-protein interaction, alleviates renal inflammation in mice by restricting oxidative stress and NF-κB …
      675. CRISPR/Cas9 editing of glia maturation factor regulates mitochondrial dynamics by attenuation of the Nrf2/HO-1 dependent ferritin activation in glial cells
      676. Critical role of p21 on olaquindox-induced mitochondrial apoptosis and S-phase arrest involves activation of PI3K/AKT and inhibition of Nrf2/HO-1pathway
      677. Crosstalk between Nrf2 and the proteasome: therapeutic potential of Nrf2 inducers in vascular disease and aging
      678. Crosstalk between Nrf2 and YAP contributes to maintaining the antioxidant potential and chemoresistance in bladder cancer
      679. Cross-talk between transcription factors AhR and Nrf2: lessons for cancer chemoprevention from dioxin
      680. Crosstalk of toll-like receptors signaling and Nrf2 pathway for regulation of inflammation
      681. CUL3 and Nrf2 mutations confer an Nrf2 activation phenotype in a sporadic form of papillary renal cell carcinoma
      682. Cul3 overexpression depletes Nrf2 in breast cancer and is associated with sensitivity to carcinogens, to oxidative stress, and to chemotherapy
      683. Cul3-mediated Nrf2 ubiquitination and antioxidant response element (ARE) activation are dependent on the partial molar volume at position 151 of Keap1
      684. Cul3-mediated Nrf2 ubiquitination and ARE activation are dependent on the partial molar volume at position 151 of Keap1
      685. Curcumin activates the haem oxygenase-1 gene via regulation of Nrf2 and the antioxidant-responsive element
      686. Curcumin activates the Nrf2 pathway and induces cellular protection against oxidative injury
      687. Curcumin analog 1, 5-bis (2-trifluoromethylphenyl)-1, 4-pentadien-3-one exhibits enhanced ability on Nrf2 activation and protection against acrolein-induced ARPE …
      688. Curcumin attenuates arsenic-induced hepatic injuries and oxidative stress in experimental mice through activation of Nrf2 pathway, promotion of arsenic methylation …
      689. Curcumin attenuates heat-stress-induced oxidant damage by simultaneous activation of GSH-related antioxidant enzymes and Nrf2-mediated phase II detoxifying …
      690. Curcumin attenuates lipopolysaccharide/d-galactosamine-induced acute liver injury by activating Nrf2 nuclear translocation and inhibiting NF-kB activation
      691. Curcumin attenuates quinocetone induced apoptosis and inflammation via the opposite modulation of Nrf2/HO-1 and NF-kB pathway in human hepatocyte L02 cells
      692. Curcumin confers hepatoprotection against AFB1-induced toxicity via activating autophagy and ameliorating inflammation involving Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway
      693. Curcumin derivative epigenetically reactivates Nrf2 antioxidative stress signaling in mouse prostate cancer TRAMP C1 cells
      694. Curcumin induces p53-independent inactivation of Nrf2 during oxidative stress–induced apoptosis
      695. Curcumin inhibits proliferation of breast cancer cells through Nrf2-mediated down-regulation of Fen1 expression
      696. Curcumin mitigates axonal injury and neuronal cell apoptosis through the PERK/Nrf2 signaling pathway following diffuse axonal injury
      697. Curcumin prevents high glucose damage in retinal pigment epithelial cells through ERK1/2‐mediated activation of the Nrf2/HO‐1 pathway
      698. Curcumin protects trabecular meshwork cells against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis via Nrf2-keap1 pathway
      699. Curcumin revitalizes amyloid beta (25–35)-induced and organophosphate pesticides pestered neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y and IMR-32 cells via activation of APE1 and …
      700. CXCR4 and Nrf2 expressions in non-small cell lung cancer and their clinical implications
      701. Cyanidin‐3‐glucoside and its phenolic acid metabolites attenuate visible light‐induced retinal degeneration in vivo via activation of Nrf2/HO‐1 pathway and NF‐κB …
      702. Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside attenuates amyloid-beta (1–40)-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells through a Nrf2 mechanism
      703. Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside inhibits NF-kB signalling in intestinal epithelial cells exposed to TNF-α and exerts protective effects via Nrf2 pathway activation
      704. Cyclic helix B peptide protects HK‑2 cells from oxidative stress by inhibiting ER stress and activating Nrf2 signalling and autophagy
      705. Cyclo (His‐Pro) up‐regulates heme oxygenase 1 via activation of Nrf2‐ARE signalling
      706. CYP2C8-derived epoxyeicosatrienoic acids decrease oxidative stress-induced endothelial apoptosis in development of atherosclerosis: Role of Nrf2 activation
      707. cysteine ligase and multidrug-resistance protein 1 by 15-deoxy-\# 916; 12, 14-prostaglandin J2 confers resistance to doxorubicin-induced apoptosis in human breast …
      708. Cytoplasmic localization of Nrf2 promotes colorectal cancer with more aggressive tumors via upregulation of PSMD4
      709. Cytoprotection “gone astray”: Nrf2 and its role in cancer
      710. Cytoprotective effects of a novel Nrf2 activator, RS9, in rhodopsin Pro347Leu rabbits
      711. Cytoprotective effects of diosmetin against hydrogen peroxide-induced L02 cell oxidative damage via activation of the Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway
      712. Cytoprotective effects of esculetin against oxidative stress are associated with the upregulation of Nrf2-mediated NQO1 expression via the activation of the …
      713. cytoprotective peptide protects mesenchymal stem cells against mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis induced by starvation via Nrf2/Sirt3/FoxO3a pathway
      714. Dangkwisoo-san, an herbal medicinal formula, ameliorates acute lung inflammation via activation of Nrf2 and suppression of NF-κB
      715. Daphnetin activates the Nrf2-dependent antioxidant response to prevent arsenic-induced oxidative insult in human lung epithelial cells
      716. Deciphering the molecular mechanism during doxorubicin-mediated oxidative stress, apoptosis through Nrf2 and PGC-1α in a rat testicular milieu
      717. Decline in DJ-1 Leads to Decreased Nuclear Translocation of Nrf2 and Results in p53-mediated Apoptosis of Human Corneal Endothelial Cells
      718. Decoupling of Nrf2 Expression Promotes Mesenchymal State Maintenance in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
      719. Decreased DJ-1 leads to impaired Nrf2-regulated antioxidant defense and increased UV-A–induced apoptosis in corneal endothelial cells
      720. Decreased histone deacetylase 2 impairs Nrf2 activation by oxidative stress
      721. Decreased lectin-like oxidized LDL receptor 1 (LOX-1) and low Nrf2 activation in placenta are involved in preeclampsia
      722. Deficiency of Nrf2-signaling in airway epithelium impairs the resolution of acute lung injury and inflammation in mice
      723. deficient or excessive in dietary isoleucine: Towards the modulation of tight junction protein, inflammation, apoptosis and antioxidant defense via NF-κB, TOR and Nrf2 …
      724. Dehydroepiandrosterone alleviates oxidative stress and apoptosis in iron-induced epilepsy via activation of Nrf2/ARE signal pathway
      725. Dehydroglyasperin C Suppresses NF-κB-dependent Inflammation from Acute Lung Injury through Nrf2 Activation in mice
      726. Deletion of Nrf2 enhances susceptibility to eosinophilic sinonasal inflammation in a murine model of rhinosinusitis
      727. Deletion of Nrf2 shortens lifespan in C57BL6/J male mice but does not alter the health and survival benefits of caloric restriction
      728. Delta-Aminolevulinate Preferentially Induces Gamma-Globin Expression in Erythroid Cells through Activation of Nrf2 Stress Response
      729. Dengue virus infection causes Nrf2 activation to induce CLEC5A-facilitated TNF-α production in mononuclear phagocytes
      730. ‐dependent ROS‐induced apoptosis of human lung epithelial carcinoma via controlled regulation of MAPKs‐mediated Nrf2/Keap1 homeostasis signaling
      731. Depleting the cellular level of glutathione and subsequently S-glutathionylation of keap1 by electrophilic agents activates keap1-Nrf2 pathway
      732. Depletion of Nrf2 enhances inflammation induced by oxyhemoglobin in cultured mice astrocytes
      733. Deprenyl prevents MPP+-induced oxidative damage in PC12 cells by the upregulation of Nrf2-mediated NQO1 expression through the activation of PI3K/Akt and Erk
      734. depression of intestinal immunity, induction of inflammation and dysfunction of the intestinal physical barrier, as regulated by NF-κB, TOR and Nrf2 signalling, in grass …
      735. Derivative, Protects against Oxidative Stress-Mediated Neuronal Cell Apoptosis and Scopolamine-Induced Cognitive Impairment by Activating Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling
      736. Design and development of Nrf2 modulators for cancer chemoprevention and therapy: a review
      737. Dexmedetomidine ameliorates lipopolysaccharide‐induced acute kidney injury in rats by inhibiting inflammation and oxidative stress via the GSK‐3β/Nrf2 signaling …
      738. Dexmedetomidine attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced liver oxidative stress and cell apoptosis in rats by increasing GSK-3β/MKP-1/Nrf2 pathway activity via the α2 …
      739. Dexmedetomidine Attenuates Neuroinflammatory–Induced Apoptosis after Traumatic Brain Injury via Nrf2 signaling pathway
      740. DHEA alleviates oxidative stress of muscle cells via activation of Nrf2 pathway
      741. Diabetic wound healing and activation of Nrf2 by herbal medicine
      742. Diallyl sulfide attenuates transforming growth factor-β-stimulated pulmonary fibrosis through Nrf2 activation in lung MRC-5 fibroblast
      743. Diallyl sulfide enhances antioxidants and inhibits inflammation through the activation of Nrf2 against gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in Wistar rats
      744. Diallyl tetrasulfane activates both the eIF2α and Nrf2/HO-1 pathways
      745. Diallyl trisufide protects against oxygen glucose deprivation-induced apoptosis by scavenging free radicals via the PI3K/Akt-mediated Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway in …
      746. Diallyl Trisulfide Prospectively Retrieves Arsenic Induced Lung Oxidative Stress, Inflammation Through the Activation of Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling
      747. Diallyl trisulfide suppresses tumor growth through the attenuation of Nrf2/Akt and activation of p38/JNK and potentiates cisplatin efficacy in gastric cancer …
      748. diatrizoate) aggravates renal inflammation, oxidative DNA damage and apoptosis in diabetic rats which is restored by sulforaphane through Nrf2/HO-1 reactivation
      749. Dibenzoylmethane activates Nrf2-dependent detoxification pathway and inhibits benzo (a) pyrene induced DNA adducts in lungs
      750. Dieckol enhances the expression of antioxidant and detoxifying enzymes by the activation of Nrf2–MAPK signalling pathway in HepG2 cells
      751. Dietary cancer chemopreventive agents–targeting inflammation and Nrf2 signaling pathway
      752. Dietary ellagic acid improves oxidant-induced endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis: role of Nrf2 activation
      753. Dietary luteolin protects against HgCl2-induced renal injury via activation of Nrf2-mediated signaling in rat
      754. Dietary Lycium barbarum polysaccharide induces Nrf2/ARE pathway and ameliorates insulin resistance induced by high-fat via activation of PI3K/AKT signaling
      755. Dietary moderately oxidized oil activates the Nrf2 signaling pathway in the liver of pigs
      756. Dietary oleuropein and its new acyl-derivate attenuate murine lupus nephritis through HO-1/Nrf2 activation and suppressing JAK/STAT, NF-κB, MAPK and NLRP3 …
      757. Dietary oxidized fat activates the oxidative stress-responsive transcription factors NF-κB and Nrf2 in intestinal mucosa of mice
      758. Dietary phytochemicals and cancer prevention: Nrf2 signaling, epigenetics, and cell death mechanisms in blocking cancer initiation and progression
      759. Dietary pomegranate supplement alleviates murine pancreatitis by modulating Nrf2-p21 interaction and controlling apoptosis to survival switch
      760. Dietary supplementation with tBHQ, an Nrf2 stabilizer molecule, confers neuroprotection against apoptosis in amyloid β-injected rat
      761. Dietary vitamin C deficiency depressed the gill physical barriers and immune barriers referring to Nrf2, apoptosis, MLCK, NF-κB and TOR signaling in grass carp …
      762. Diethylnitrosamine and thioacetamide-induced hepatic damage and early carcinogenesis in rats: role of Nrf2 activator dimethyl fumarate and NLRP3 inhibitor …
      763. Differential effects of the Nrf2 activators tBHQ and CDDO-Im on the early events of T cell activation
      764. DIFFERENTIAL EFFECTS OF THE OXIDIZED METABOLITES OF OLTIPRAZ ON THE ACTIVATION OF C/EBPβ AND Nrf2 FOR GSTA2 GENE INDUCTION
      765. Differential expressions of antioxidant status in aging rats: the role of transcriptional factor Nrf2 and MAPK signaling pathway
      766. Differential regulation of innate immune cytokine production through pharmacological activation of Nuclear Factor-Erythroid-2-Related Factor 2 (Nrf2) in burn …
      767. Differential Regulation of NF-κB and Nrf2 by Bojungikki-Tang Is Associated with Suppressing Lung Inflammation
      768. Differential regulation of Nrf2 is linked to elevated inflammation and nitrative stress in monocytes of children with autism
      769. Differential response of DU145 and PC3 prostate cancer cells to ionizing radiation: role of reactive oxygen species, GSH and Nrf2 in radiosensitivity
      770. Digoxin sensitizes gemcitabine-resistant pancreatic cancer cells to gemcitabine via inhibiting Nrf2 signaling pathway
      771. Dihydro-CDDO-trifluoroethyl amide (dh404), a novel Nrf2 activator, suppresses oxidative stress in cardiomyocytes
      772. Dihydro-CDDO-trifluoroethyl amide suppresses inflammatory responses in macrophages via activation of Nrf2
      773. Dihydromyricetin modulates p62 and autophagy crosstalk with the Keap-1/Nrf2 pathway to alleviate ethanol-induced hepatic injury
      774. Dihydromyricetin relieves rheumatoid arthritis symptoms and suppresses expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines via the activation of Nrf2 pathway in rheumatoid …
      775. Dimerumic acid attenuates receptor for advanced glycation endproducts signal to inhibit inflammation and diabetes mediated by Nrf2 activation and promotes …
      776. Dimethoxycurcumin potentially protects arsenic induced oxidative hepatic injury, inflammation and apoptosis via Nrf2-Keap1 signaling in rats
      777. Dimethoxycurcumin, a synthetic curcumin analogue, induces heme oxygenase-1 expression through Nrf2 activation in RAW264. 7 macrophages
      778. Dimethyl fumarate accelerates peripheral nerve regeneration via activation of the anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway
      779. Dimethyl fumarate ameliorates dextran sulfate sodium-induced murine experimental colitis by activating Nrf2 and suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome activation
      780. Dimethyl Fumarate and Monoethyl Fumarate Exhibit Differential Effects on Glutathione, Keap1 and Nrf2 Activation In Vitro (P1. 204)
      781. Dimethyl fumarate and monoethyl fumarate exhibit differential effects on KEAP1, Nrf2 activation, and glutathione depletion in vitro
      782. Dimethyl fumarate controls the Nrf2/DJ-1 axis in cancer cells: Therapeutic applications
      783. Dimethyl Fumarate Suppresses Inflammation In Vitro Via Both Nrf2-Dependent and Nrf2-Independent Pathways (P02. 108)
      784. Dioscin protects against coronary heart disease by reducing oxidative stress and inflammation via Sirt1/Nrf2 and p38 MAPK pathways
      785. Diosgenin Extend Lifespan Of Caenorhabditis Elegans Via Modulating Daf 16 Foxo Skn 1 Nrf2 And Pha 4 Foxa
      786. Diosmetin induces apoptosis and enhances the chemotherapeutic efficacy of paclitaxel in non‐small cell lung cancer cells via Nrf2 inhibition
      787. Discovery of a novel Nrf2 inhibitor that induces apoptosis of human acute myeloid leukemia cells
      788. Disruption of Nrf2 enhances susceptibility to severe airway inflammation and asthma in mice
      789. Disruption of Nrf2 impairs the resolution of hyperoxia-induced acute lung injury and inflammation in mice
      790. Disruption of Nrf2 promotes atrial remodeling and fibrillation on aging
      791. Disruption of Nrf2 signaling impairs angiogenic capacity of endothelial cells: implications for microvascular aging
      792. Dissection of the role of p62/Sqstm1 in activation of Nrf2 during xenophagy
      793. Diverging role of Nrf2 in cancer progression and prevention
      794. DJ-1 mediates the delayed cardioprotection of hypoxic preconditioning through activation of Nrf2 and subsequent upregulation of antioxidative enzymes
      795. DJ‐1 Protects Breast Cancer Cells Against 2′‐Benzoyloxycinnamaldehyde‐induced Oxidative Stress Independent of Nrf2
      796. DJ-1, a cancer-and Parkinson’s disease-associated protein, stabilizes the antioxidant transcriptional master regulator Nrf2
      797. Docosahexaenoic acid increases the expression of oxidative stress-induced growth inhibitor 1 through the PI3K/Akt/Nrf2 signaling pathway in breast cancer cells
      798. Docosahexaenoic acid induces expression of heme oxygenase-1 and NAD (P) H: Quinone oxidoreductase through activation of Nrf2 in human mammary epithelial …
      799. Docosahexaenoic acid inhibition of inflammation is partially via cross-talk between Nrf2/heme oxygenase 1 and IKK/NF-κB pathways
      800. Docosahexaenoic acid-induced Nrf2 may be correlated with cell death by amplification of oxidative stress via induction of klf9 in cervical cancer cells
      801. Does Bach1 & c-Myc dependent redox dysregulation of Nrf2 & adaptive homeostasis decrease cancer risk in ageing?
      802. Dopamine activates Nrf2‐regulated neuroprotective pathways in astrocytes and meningeal cells
      803. Dopaminergic neuroprotection via Nrf2-ARE pathway activation: identification of an activator from green perilla leaves
      804. Downregulation of miR-93 elevates Nrf2 expression and alleviates reactive oxygen species and cell apoptosis in diabetic retinopathy
      805. Downregulation of NO and PGE2 in LPS-stimulated BV2 microglial cells by trans-isoferulic acid via suppression of PI3K/Akt-dependent NF-κB and activation of Nrf2 …
      806. Downregulation of Nrf2 by the combination of TRAIL and Valproic acid induces apoptotic cell death of TRAIL-resistant papillary thyroid cancer cells via suppression of …
      807. Downregulation of Nrf2 promotes autophagy-dependent osteoblastic differentiation of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells
      808. Downregulation of Nrf2 promotes radiation-induced apoptosis through Nrf2 mediated Notch signaling in non-small cell lung cancer cells
      809. DPP3 in Nrf2 Signaling and Breast Cancer
      810. DPP4 Inhibitor Attenuates Severe Acute Pancreatitis-Associated Intestinal Inflammation via Nrf2 Signaling
      811. Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde: Oxidizable phenol-generated reactive oxygen species enhance sulforaphane’s antioxidant response element activation, even as they …
      812. Dried plum and chokeberry ameliorate d-galactose-induced aging in mice by regulation of Pl3k/Akt-mediated Nrf2 and Nf-kB pathways
      813. Drosophila Nrf2/Keap1 Mediated Redox Signaling Supports Synaptic Function and Longevity and Impacts on Circadian Activity
      814. Drug screening assay based on the interaction of intact Keap1 and Nrf2 proteins in cancer cells
      815. Drug screens of NGLY1 deficiency in worm and fly models reveal catecholamine, Nrf2 and anti-inflammatory-pathway activation as potential clinical approaches
      816. Dual effect of H89, a potent protein kinase a inhibitor, on H2o2-induced apoptosis and Nrf2 stabilization
      817. Dual effects of the Nrf2 inhibitor for inhibition of hepatitis C virus and hepatic cancer cells
      818. Dual energy precursor and Nrf2 activator treatment additively improve redox glutathione levels and neuron survival in aging and in Alzheimer mouse neurons …
      819. Dual pathways of p53 mediated glucolipotoxicity-induced apoptosis of rat cardiomyoblast cell: activation of p53 proapoptosis and inhibition of Nrf2-NQO1 …
      820. Dual regulation of transcription factor Nrf2 by Keap1 and the beta-TrCP/GSK-3 in cancer
      821. Dual roles and therapeutic potential of Keap1-Nrf2 pathway in pancreatic cancer: a systematic review
      822. Dual roles of Nrf2 in cancer
      823. Dual Roles of Nrf2 in Lung Cancer
      824. Dual roles of Nrf2 in tumor prevention and progression: possible implications in cancer treatment
      825. Dual TNFα-induced effects on Nrf2 mediated antioxidant defence in astrocyte-rich cultures: role of protein kinase activation
      826. Dual-negative expression of Nrf2 and NQO1 predicts superior outcomes in patients with non-small cell lung cancer
      827. DUB3 deubiquitinates and stabilizes Nrf2 in chemotherapy resistance of colorectal cancer
      828. Dwindling of cardio damaging effect of isoproterenol by Punica granatum L. peel extract involve activation of nitric oxide-mediated Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway and …
      829. Dyrk1a activates antioxidant NQO1 expression through an ERK1/2–Nrf2 dependent mechanism
      830. Dysfunctional KEAP1–Nrf2 interaction in non-small-cell lung cancer
      831. Dysregulation of Nrf2 in cancer: from molecular mechanisms to therapeutic opportunities
      832. Dysregulation of Nrf2 in hepatocellular carcinoma: Role in cancer progression and chemoresistance
      833. Dysregulation of the Keap1–Nrf2 pathway in cancer
      834. Early antioxidant responses via the concerted activation of NF-κB and Nrf2 characterize the gamma-radiation-induced adaptive response in quiescent human …
      835. Ebselen attenuates cisplatin-induced ROS generation through Nrf2 activation in auditory cells
      836. E-cadherin inhibits nuclear accumulation of Nrf2: implications for chemoresistance of cancer cells
      837. Eckol enhances heme oxygenase-1 expression through activation of Nrf2/JNK pathway in HepG2 cells
      838. effect of arsenic trioxide combined with intravesical bacillus Calmette–Guerin immunotherapy against bladder cancer through blockade of the IER3/Nrf2 …
      839. Effect of diallyl sulfide on in vitro and in vivo Nrf2-mediated pulmonic antioxidant enzyme expression via activation ERK/p38 signaling pathway
      840. Effect of diammonium glycyrrhizinate on airway inflammation and Nrf2 Expression in obese mice with asthma
      841. Effect of glutathione depletion on Nrf2/ARE activation by deltamethrin in PC12 Cells
      842. Effect of graded Nrf2 activation on phase-I and-II drug metabolizing enzymes and transporters in mouse liver
      843. Effect of miR-101 on proliferation and oxidative stress-induced apoptosis of breast cancer cells via Nrf2 signaling pathway
      844. Effect of Nrf2 Activation on Endothelial Function, Microvessel Density, and Gene Expression in Rats fed High Salt Diet
      845. effect of pyrroloquinoline quinone against alcoholic liver injury through activating Nrf2-mediated antioxidant and inhibiting TLR4-mediated inflammation responses
      846. Effect of repeated daily dosing with 2, 4-dinitrochlorobenzene on glutathione biosynthesis and Nrf2 activation in reconstructed human epidermis
      847. Effect of spearmint oil on inflammation, oxidative alteration and Nrf2 expression in lung tissue of COPD rats
      848. Effect of Treatment with a Nrf2 Activator on In Vivo Proteostasis in Mice
      849. Effects of 3‐Bromo‐4, 5‐dihydroisoxazole Derivatives on Nrf2 Activation and Heme Oxygenase‐1 Expression
      850. Effects of acute hypoxia exposure with different durations on activation of Nrf2-ARE pathway in mouse skeletal muscle
      851. Effects of Astragaloside IV on treatment of breast cancer cells execute possibly through regulation of Nrf2 via PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway
      852. Effects of blueberry anthocyanins on retinal oxidative stress and inflammation in diabetes through Nrf2/HO-1 signaling
      853. Effects of Curcumin on Autophagy and Nrf2 signaling pathway in a Rat Model of High fructose diet induced Steatohepatitis
      854. Effects of different exercise durations on Keap1-Nrf2-ARE pathway activation in mouse skeletal muscle
      855. effects of erythropoietin against sevoflurane-induced neuronal apoptosis in primary rat cortical neurons involving the EPOR-Erk1/2-Nrf2/Bach1 signal pathway
      856. effects of flavonoids from petasites japonicus against UVB-induced apoptosis mediated via HSF-1 activated heat shock proteins and Nrf2-activated heme oxygenase …
      857. Effects of inflammatory responses, apoptosis, and STAT3/NF-κB-and Nrf2-mediated oxidative stress on benign prostatic hyperplasia induced by a high-fat diet
      858. Effects of irisin on osteoblast apoptosis and osteoporosis in postmenopausal osteoporosis rats through upregulating Nrf2 and inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome
      859. Effects of metformin on Sirt1, Nrf2 and AhR expression in cancer cells
      860. Effects of miR-101 on the proliferation and apoptosis of gastric mucosal epithelial cells via Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway
      861. Effects of monascin on anti-inflammation mediated by Nrf2 activation in advanced glycation end product-treated THP-1 monocytes and methylglyoxal-treated Wistar …
      862. Effects of natural phytochemicals in Angelica sinensis (Danggui) on Nrf2‐mediated gene expression of phase II drug metabolizing enzymes and anti‐inflammation
      863. Effects of Nrf2 knockdown on the properties of irradiated cell conditioned medium from A549 human lung cancer cells
      864. Effects of PP2A/Nrf2 on experimental diabetes mellitus-related cardiomyopathy by regulation of autophagy and apoptosis through ROS dependent pathway
      865. effects of pyrroloquinoline quinine against oxidative stress-induced cellular senescence and inflammation in human renal tubular epithelial cells via Keap1/Nrf2 …
      866. Effects of rehabilitation training on apoptosis of nerve cells and the recovery of neural and motor functions in rats with ischemic stroke through the PI3K/Akt and Nrf2 …
      867. Effects of Sancai Lianmei Particle on autophagy and apoptosis in testes of diabetic mice via the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway
      868. Effects of Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus induced CYPs and Nrf2 activation on acute liver injury induced by acetaminophen
      869. Effects of that ATRA inhibits Nrf2-ARE pathway on glial cells activation after intracerebral hemorrhage
      870. EGCG maintained Nrf2-mediated redox homeostasis and minimized etoposide resistance in lung cancer cells
      871. EGCG protects endothelial cells against PCB 126-induced inflammation through inhibition of AhR and induction of Nrf2-regulated genes
      872. EGFR mediates astragaloside IV-induced Nrf2 activation to protect cortical neurons against in vitro ischemia/reperfusion damages
      873. EGFR-activated signaling and actin remodeling regulate cyclic stretch–induced Nrf2-ARE activation
      874. EGFR-Nrf2 pathway plays a role in cancer cell’s chemoresistance
      875. EGFR-Targeted Immunotoxin Exerts Antitumor Effects on Esophageal Cancers by Increasing ROS Accumulation and Inducing Apoptosis via Inhibition of the Nrf2 …
      876. Electroacupuncture ameliorates cardiopulmonary bypass induced apoptosis in lung via ROS/Nrf2/NLRP3 inflammasome pathway
      877. Electronegative LDL induction of apoptosis in macrophages: involvement of Nrf2
      878. Elevating CXCR7 improves angiogenic function of EPCs via Akt/GSK-3β/Fyn-mediated Nrf2 activation in diabetic limb ischemia
      879. Ellagic acid reduces methotrexate-induced apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction via up-regulating Nrf2 expression and inhibiting the IĸBα/NFĸB in rats
      880. Emerging roles of Nrf2 signal in non-small cell lung cancer
      881. Endothelial Nrf2 activation: a new target for resveratrol?
      882. Enhanced CD36 expression changes the role of Nrf2 activation from anti-atherogenic to pro-atherogenic in apoE-deficient mice
      883. Enhanced expression of the transcription factor Nrf2 by cancer chemopreventive agents: role of antioxidant response element-like sequences in the Nrf2 promoter
      884. Enhanced hepatic Nrf2 activation after ursodeoxycholic acid treatment in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis
      885. -enhanced reactive oxygen species-induced apoptosis and potentiated cytotoxic effects of chemotherapeutic agents by suppression Nrf2-mediated signaling in …
      886. Enhancement of dopaminergic activity and region-specific activation of Nrf2-ARE pathway by intranasal supplements of testosterone propionate in aged male rats
      887. Enhancement of mitomycin C-induced apoptosis in Nrf2-deficient human colon cancer cells
      888. enhances key enzymatic activities of hepatic thioredoxin and glutathione systems in selenium-optimal mice but activates hepatic Nrf2 responses in selenium …
      889. ent-kaur-16-en-19-oic Acid, isolated from the roots of Aralia continentalis, induces activation of Nrf2
      890. Environmentally relevant concentration of chromium activates Nrf2 and alters transcription of related XME genes in liver of zebrafish
      891. Epicatechin isolated from Tripterygium wilfordii extract reduces tau-GFP-induced neurotoxicity in zebrafish embryo through the activation of Nrf2
      892. Epigallocatechin activates haem oxygenase-1 expression via protein kinase Cδ and Nrf2
      893. Epigallocatechin gallate exacerbates fluoride-induced oxidative stress mediated testicular toxicity in rats through the activation of Nrf2 signaling pathway
      894. Epigallocatechin gallate induces Nrf2-mediated antioxidant enzyme expression via activation of PI3K and ERK in human mammary epithelial cells
      895. Epigallocatechin gallate potentially abrogates fluoride induced lung oxidative stress, inflammation via Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway in rats: An in-vivo and in-silico …
      896. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate activates Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway in cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats
      897. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate ameliorates angiotensin II-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells through the activation of Nrf2 …
      898. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate attenuates microcystin-LR-induced apoptosis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells through activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway
      899. Epigallocatechin‐3‐Gallate Attenuates Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Obstructive Nephropathy via NF‐κB and Nrf2/HO‐1 Signalling Pathway Regulation
      900. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate augments antioxidant activities and inhibits inflammation during bleomycin-induced experimental pulmonary fibrosis through Nrf2–Keap1 …
      901. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate enhances radiation sensitivity in colorectal cancer cells through Nrf2 activation and autophagy
      902. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate modulates germ cell apoptosis through the SAFE/Nrf2 signaling pathway
      903. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate prevents oxidative stress-induced cellular senescence in human mesenchymal stem cells via Nrf2
      904. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate prevents TNF-α-induced NF-κB activation thereby upregulating ABCA1 via the Nrf2/Keap1 pathway in macrophage foam cells
      905. Epigenetic activation of miR-200a targets the Nrf2-dependent chemoprevention pathway in breast cancer
      906. Epigenetic DNA methylation of antioxidative stress regulator Nrf2 in human prostate cancer
      907. Epigenetic modification of Nrf2 in 5-fluorouracil-resistant colon cancer cells: involvement of TET-dependent DNA demethylation
      908. Epigenetic Reactivation of Nrf2 in Murine Prostate Cancer TRAMP C1 Cells by Natural Phytochemicals Z-Ligustilide and Radix Angelica Sinensis via Promoter CpG …
      909. Erastin/sorafenib induces cisplatin‑resistant non‑small cell lung cancer cell ferroptosis through inhibition of the Nrf2/xCT pathway
      910. ERBB3 and IGF1R signaling are required for Nrf2-dependent growth in KEAP1-mutant lung cancer
      911. Eriodictyol attenuates arsenic trioxide-induced liver injury by activation of Nrf2
      912. Eriodictyol Attenuates β-Amyloid 25–35 Peptide-Induced Oxidative Cell Death in Primary Cultured Neurons by Activation of Nrf2
      913. Eriodictyol protects against H2O2-induced neuron-like PC12 cell death through activation of Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway
      914. Eriodictyol-7-O-glucoside activates Nrf2 and protects against cerebral ischemic injury
      915. Eriodictyol-7-O-glucoside, a novel Nrf2 activator, confers protection against cisplatin-induced toxicity
      916. Erk activation is required for Nrf2 nuclear localization during pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate induction of glutamate cysteine ligase modulatory gene expression in HepG2 …
      917. ERK and PI3K signaling cascades induce Nrf2 activation and regulate cell viability partly through Nrf2 in human glioblastoma cells
      918. ERK inhibition sensitizes cancer cells to oleanolic acid-induced apoptosis through ERK/Nrf2/ROS pathway
      919. ERK/Nrf2 pathway activation by caffeic acid in HepG2 cells alleviates its hepatocellular damage caused by t-butylhydroperoxide-induced oxidative stress
      920. ERK1/2 activation in quercetin-treated BEAS-2B cell plays a role in Nrf2-driven HO-1 expression
      921. Erratum to “Involvement of Nrf2-Mediated Upregulation of Heme Oxygenase-1 in Mollugin-Induced Growth Inhibition and Apoptosis in Human Oral Cancer Cells”
      922. Erratum to” Involvement of Nrf2-Mediated Upregulation of Heme Oxygenase-1 in Mollugin-Induced Growth Inhibition and Apoptosis in Human Oral Cancer Cells”
      923. Erxian Decoction Attenuates TNF-α Induced Osteoblast Apoptosis by Modulating the Akt/Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling Pathway
      924. Erythropoietin activates Keap1–Nrf2/ARE pathway in rat brain after ischemia
      925. erythropoietin ameliorates neurological function impairments and neural pathology in mice with chronic alcoholism by regulating autophagy‑related Nrf2 …
      926. Erythropoietin rescues primary rat cortical neurons from pyroptosis and apoptosis via Erk1/2-Nrf2/Bach1 signal pathway
      927. Erythropoietin suppresses D-galactose-induced aging of rats via the PI3K/Akt/Nrf2-ARE pathway
      928. Escin activates AKT-Nrf2 signaling to protect retinal pigment epithelium cells from oxidative stress
      929. Estrogen increases Nrf2 activity through activation of the PI3K pathway in MCF-7 breast cancer cells
      930. Estrogen receptor and PI3K/Akt signaling pathway involvement in S-(-) equol-induced activation of Nrf2/ARE in endothelial cells
      931. Ethanol extract of Alismatis Rhizoma reduces acute lung inflammation by suppressing NF-κB and activating Nrf2
      932. Ethanol extract of Alismatis Rhizoma reduces acute lung inflammation by suppressing NF-κB and activating Nrf2 (P5044)
      933. Ethanol Extract of Centipeda minima Exerts Antioxidant and Neuroprotective Effects via Activation of the Nrf2 Signaling Pathway
      934. Ethanol extract of Ganoderma lucidum augments cellular anti-oxidant defense through activation of Nrf2/HO-1
      935. Ethanol extract of peanut sprout induces Nrf2 activation and expression of antioxidant and detoxifying enzymes in human dermal fibroblasts: Implication for its …
      936. Ethanol extract of Prunus mume fruit attenuates hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis involving Nrf2/HO-1 activation in C2C12 myoblasts
      937. Ethanol-Mediated stress promotes autophagic survival and aggressiveness of colon cancer cells via activation of Nrf2/ho-1 pathway
      938. Ethyl 2, 4-dicarboethoxy pantothenate, a derivative of pantothenic acid, prevents cellular damage initiated by environmental pollutants through Nrf2 activation
      939. Ethyl pyruvate-mediated Nrf2 activation and hemeoxygenase 1 induction in astrocytes confer protective effects via autocrine and paracrine mechanisms
      940. Evaluation of a novel phytochemical Nrf2 activator on cytoprotective gene expression and proteostasis in vivo
      941. Evaluation of the rotenone-induced activation of the Nrf2 pathway in a neuronal model derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells
      942. Evidence of activation of the Nrf2 pathway in multiple sclerosis patients treated with delayed-release dimethyl fumarate in the Phase 3 DEFINE and CONFIRM studies
      943. EX4 stabilizes and activates Nrf2 via PKCδ, contributing to the prevention of oxidative stress-induced pancreatic beta cell damage
      944. Exendin-4 prevented pancreatic beta cells from apoptosis in (Type I) diabetic mouse via keap1-Nrf2 signaling
      945. Exercise Training Prevents Attenuation of Nrf2/ARE-Antioxidant Signaling in Aging Myocardium
      946. Exercise, Nrf2 and antioxidant signaling in cardiac aging
      947. Exercise-induced Nrf2-signaling is impaired in aging
      948. Experimental nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and liver fibrosis are ameliorated by pharmacologic activation of Nrf2 (NF-E2 p45-related factor 2)
      949. Exposure to diesel exhaust particle extracts (DEPe) impairs some polarization markers and functions of human macrophages through activation of AhR and …
      950. Expression of ABCG2 (BCRP) is regulated by Nrf2 in cancer cells that confers side population and chemoresistance phenotype
      951. Expression of metallothionein and Nrf2 pathway genes in lung cancer and cancer-surrounding tissues
      952. Expression of Nrf2 and NQO1 in human gastric cancer and their clinical significance
      953. Expression of Nrf2 and Nrf2-modulated genes in peripheral blood leukocytes of bladder cancer males
      954. Expression of Nrf2-regulated genes and apoptosis in response to cigarette smoke
      955. Expression of the Nrf2-system at the blood-CSF barrier is modulated by neonatal inflammation and hypoxia-ischemia
      956. Expression of xCT and activity of system xc− are regulated by Nrf2 in human breast cancer cells in response to oxidative stress
      957. Expression patterns of Nrf2 and Keap1 in ovarian cancer cells and their prognostic role in disease recurrence and patient survival
      958. EXPRESSION TRANSCRIPTIONALLY AND Nrf2 EXPRESSION THROUGH INHIBITING TRIM-21-MEDIATED UBIQUITINATION IN HUMAN BLADDER CANCER
      959. Extracellular DNA oxidation stimulates activation of Nrf2 and reduces the production of ROS in human mesenchymal stem cells
      960. Extracellular redox status regulates Nrf2 activation through mitochondrial reactive oxygen species
      961. Extract of the mushroom Mycoleptodonoides aitchisonii induces a series of anti-oxidative and phase II detoxifying enzymes through activation of the transcription factor …
      962. Ezetimibe, an NPC1L1 inhibitor, is a potent Nrf2 activator that protects mice from diet-induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
      963. factor-1 inhibits 6-hydroxydopamine-mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis via regulation of heme oxygenase-1 and Nrf2 expression in PC12 …
      964. FAM129B regulates cell proliferation and activates NF-κB and Nrf2 by inactivating KEAP1 in cancer cells
      965. Farrerol ameliorates APAP-induced hepatotoxicity via activation of Nrf2 and autophagy
      966. Farrerol attenuates β-amyloid-induced oxidative stress and inflammation through Nrf2/Keap1 pathway in a microglia cell line
      967. Feedback loop between p66Shc and Nrf2 promotes lung cancer progression
      968. Fenofibrate activates Nrf2 through p62-dependent Keap1 degradation
      969. Fenofibrate ameliorates diabetic retinopathy by modulating Nrf2 signaling and NLRP3 inflammasome activation
      970. Ferulic acid (FA) abrogates γ-radiation induced oxidative stress and DNA damage by up-regulating nuclear translocation of Nrf2 and activation of NHEJ pathway
      971. Ferulic acid induces heme oxygenase-1 via activation of ERK and Nrf2
      972. Ferulic acid prevents oxidative stress, inflammation, and liver injury via upregulation of Nrf2/HO-1 signaling in methotrexate-induced rats
      973. Ferulic acid protects against methotrexate nephrotoxicity via activation of Nrf2/are/ho-1 signaling and pparγ, and suppression of nf-κb/nlrp3 inflammasome axis
      974. Fibroblast growth factor (FGF21) protects mouse liver against d-galactose-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis via activating Nrf2 and PI3K/Akt pathways
      975. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) inhibits macrophage-mediated inflammation by activating Nrf2 and suppressing the NF-κB signaling pathway
      976. Fibroblast growth factor 9 activates anti-oxidative functions of Nrf2 through ERK signalling in striatal cell models of Huntington’s disease
      977. Fisetin regulates Nrf2 expression and the inflammation-related signaling pathway to prevent UVB-induced skin damage in hairless mice
      978. Flavonoids derived from liquorice suppress murine macrophage activation by up-regulating heme oxygenase-1 independent of Nrf2 activation
      979. Flavonolignan 2, 3-dehydrosilydianin activates Nrf2 and upregulates NAD (P) H: quinone oxidoreductase 1 in Hepa1c1c7 cells
      980. Flazin as a promising Nrf2 pathway activator
      981. Florfenicol induces oxidative stress and hepatocyte apoptosis in broilers via Nrf2 pathway
      982. Fluid shear stress stimulates MATE2-K expression via Nrf2 pathway activation
      983. Flumethasone enhances the efficacy of chemotherapeutic drugs in lung cancer by inhibiting Nrf2 signaling pathway
      984. Fluoxetine protects against methamphetamine‑induced lung inflammation by suppressing oxidative stress through the SERT/p38 MAPK/Nrf2 pathway in rats
      985. FO006 THE Nrf2 ACTIVATOR BARDOXOLONE METHYL INHIBITS CYST FORMATION, REDUCES INFLAMMATION, AND IMPROVES MITOCHONDRIAL …
      986. Formononetin Upregulates Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling and Prevents Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Kidney Injury in Methotrexate-Induced Rats
      987. Forsythiae fructus inhibits B16 melanoma growth involving MAPKs/Nrf2/HO-1 mediated anti-oxidation and anti-inflammation
      988. Forsythiaside A protects against focal cerebral ischemic injury by mediating the activation of the Nrf2 and endoplasmic reticulum stress pathways
      989. Forsythiaside inhibits cigarette smoke-induced lung inflammation by activation of Nrf2 and inhibition of NF-κB
      990. Four-octyl itaconate activates Keap1-Nrf2 signaling to protect neuronal cells from hydrogen peroxide
      991. FoxO3 reverses 5-fluorouracil resistance in human colorectal cancer cells by inhibiting the Nrf2/TR1 signaling pathway
      992. FOXQ1 promotes proliferation and metastasis of epithelial ovarian cancer via activation of SIRT1/Nrf2 signaling pathway.
      993. Fractalkine activates Nrf2/NFE2L2 and heme oxygenase 1 to restrain tauopathy-induced microgliosis
      994. Fragrant unsaturated aldehydes elicit activation of the Keap1/Nrf2 system leading to the upregulation of thioredoxin expression and protection against oxidative stress
      995. Fraxetin induces heme oxygenase-1 expression by activation of Akt/Nrf2 or AMP-activated protein kinase α/Nrf2 pathway in HaCaT cells
      996. Frequent concerted genetic mechanisms disrupt multiple components of the Nrf2 inhibitor KEAP1/CUL3/RBX1 E3-ubiquitin ligase complex in thyroid cancer
      997. Fucoxanthin elicits epigenetic modifications, Nrf2 activation and blocking transformation in mouse skin JB6 P+ cells
      998. Fucoxanthin enhances HO-1 and NQO1 expression in murine hepatic BNL CL. 2 cells through activation of the Nrf2/ARE system partially by its pro-oxidant activity
      999. Fucoxanthin provides neuroprotection in models of traumatic brain injury via the Nrf2-ARE and Nrf2-autophagy pathways
      1000. Fumarate activates Nrf2 in tissues with fumarate hydratase mutation
      1001. Fumarate is cardioprotective via activation of the Nrf2 antioxidant pathway
      1002. Fumaric acid esters exert neuroprotective effects in neuroinflammation via activation of the Nrf2 antioxidant pathway
      1003. Fumaric acid esters promote neuronal survival upon ischemic stress through activation of the Nrf2 but not HIF-1 signaling pathway
      1004. Functional dissection of Nrf2-dependent phase II genes in vascular inflammation and endotoxic injury using Keap1 siRNA
      1005. Functional gene knockout of Nrf2 increases chemosensitivity of human lung cancer A549 cells in vitro and in a xenograft mouse model
      1006. Functional Nrf2 restrains inflammatory and transcriptional phenotypes in microglia and its deficiency recapitulates the aging phenotype
      1007. functions of a cytoprotective effect and apoptosis induction by bioavailable marine carotenoid fucoxanthinol through modulation of the Nrf2 activation in RAW264. 7 …
      1008. G from Sophora alopecuroides inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in RAW264. 7 cells by targeting PI3K/Akt, JAK/STAT and Nrf2/HO-1 pathways
      1009. Gain of Nrf2 function in Non small cell lung cancer promotes tumorigenecity and confers therapeutic resistance
      1010. Gain of Nrf2 function in non-small-cell lung cancer cells confers radioresistance
      1011. Galangin activates Nrf2 signaling and attenuates oxidative damage, inflammation, and apoptosis in a rat model of cyclophosphamide-induced hepatotoxicity
      1012. Galangin activates the ERK/AKT-Driven Nrf2 signaling pathway to increase the level of reduced glutathione in human keratinocytes
      1013. -gallate ameliorates angiotensin II-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells through the activation of Nrf2/caspase-3 signaling
      1014. Gambogic acid induces heme oxygenase-1 through Nrf2 signaling pathway and inhibits NF-κB and MAPK activation to reduce inflammation in LPS-activated …
      1015. Garcinia vilersiana bark extract activates the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway in RAW264. 7 cells
      1016. Garcinia xanthochymus extract protects PC12 cells from H2O2-induced apoptosis through modulation of PI3K/AKT and Nrf2/HO-1 pathways
      1017. Garlic attenuates cardiac oxidative stress via activation of PI3K/AKT/Nrf2-Keap1 pathway in fructose-fed diabetic rat
      1018. garlic-derived S-allylmercaptocysteine induces colon cancer cell apoptosis and suppresses tumor growth in xenograft nude mice through autophagy/p62/Nrf2 …
      1019. Gastrodin alleviates oxidative stress-induced apoptosis and cellular dysfunction in human umbilical vein endothelial cells via the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway and accelerates …
      1020. Gedunin Inhibits Oligomeric Aβ1–42-Induced Microglia Activation Via Modulation of Nrf2-NF-κB Signaling
      1021. Gene expression analysis in peripheral blood cells of patients with hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer syndrome (HLRCC): identification of Nrf2 …
      1022. gene expression by epigallocatechin-3-gallate and sulforaphane in prostate of Nrf2-knockout or C57BL/6J mice and PC-3 AP-1 human prostate cancer cells
      1023. Gene expression profiles induced by cancer chemopreventive isothiocyanate sulforaphane in the liver of C57BL/6J mice and C57BL/6J/Nrf2 (−/−) mice
      1024. Gene-expression signature regulated by the KEAP1-Nrf2-CUL3 axis is associated with a poor prognosis in head and neck squamous cell cancer
      1025. Generation of a stable antioxidant response element–driven reporter gene cell line and its use to show redox-dependent activation of Nrf2 by cancer …
      1026. Genetic Activation of Nrf2 By KEAP1 Inhibition Induces Fetal Hemoglobin Expression and Triggers Anti-Oxidant Stress Response in Erythroid Cells
      1027. Genetic activation of Nrf2 protects against fasting-induced oxidative stress in livers of mice
      1028. Genetic activation of Nrf2 signaling is sufficient to ameliorate neurodegenerative phenotypes in a Drosophila model of Parkinson’s disease
      1029. Genetic alteration of Keap1 confers constitutive Nrf2 activation and resistance to chemotherapy in gallbladder cancer
      1030. Genetic or pharmacologic activation of Nrf2 signaling fails to protect against aflatoxin genotoxicity in hypersensitive GSTA3 knockout mice
      1031. Genetic polymorphism in the Nrf2 gene as a prognosis marker for cancer chemotherapy
      1032. Genetic polymorphisms and protein expression of Nrf2 and Sulfiredoxin predict survival outcomes in breast cancer
      1033. Genetic variability in iron-related oxidative stress pathways (Nrf2, NQ01, NOS3, and HO-1), iron intake, and risk of postmenopausal breast cancer
      1034. Genetic Variations in Nrf2-Keap1 Complex: A Step towards Understanding Cancer Resistance in Blind Mole Rats Cytotypes
      1035. Genetic versus chemoprotective activation of Nrf2 signaling: overlapping yet distinct gene expression profiles between Keap1 knockout and triterpenoid-treated mice
      1036. Genome-wide CRISPR screen reveals autophagy disruption as the convergence mechanism that regulates the Nrf2 transcription factor
      1037. Genome-wide global identification of Nrf2 binding sites in A549 non-small cell lung cancer cells by ChIP-Seq reveals Nrf2 regulation of genes involved in …
      1038. Genotype analysis of the Nrf2 gene mutation in lung cancer
      1039. Geraniol attenuates oxidative stress by Nrf2 activation in diet-induced experimental atherosclerosis
      1040. Ghrelin attenuates secondary brain injury following intracerebral hemorrhage by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation and promoting Nrf2/ARE signaling …
      1041. Ginnalin A from Kujin tea (Acer tataricum subsp. ginnala) exhibits a colorectal cancer chemoprevention effect via activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway
      1042. Ginsenoside Rb1 attenuates intestinal ischemia/reperfusion‑induced inflammation and oxidative stress via activation of the PI3K/Akt/Nrf2 signaling pathway
      1043. Ginsenoside Rb1 improves postoperative fatigue syndrome by reducing skeletal muscle oxidative stress through activation of the PI3K/Akt/Nrf2 pathway in aged rats
      1044. Ginsenoside re inhibits ROS/ASK-1 dependent mitochondrial apoptosis pathway and activation of Nrf2-antioxidant response in beta-amyloid-challenged SH-SY5Y …
      1045. Ginsenoside Rg1 prevents acetaminophen-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis via Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway
      1046. Ginsenoside Rg3 Inhibits the Expressions of Nrf2-mediated Cytoprotective and Multidrug-associated Proteins in A549 Human Lung Cancer Cells
      1047. Ginsenoside Rg5 prevents apoptosis by modulating heme-oxygenase-1/Nrf2
      1048. glomerulosclerosis model in the early stage by activating the Nrf2 antioxidant pathway and subsequently inhibiting NF-κB-mediated COX-2 expression and apoptosis
      1049. Glucocorticoid receptor signaling represses the antioxidant response by inhibiting histone acetylation mediated by the transcriptional activator Nrf2
      1050. Glucose oxidase facilitates osteogenic differentiation and mineralization of embryonic stem cells through the activation of Nrf2 and ERK signal transduction pathways
      1051. Glucose reintroduction triggers the activation of Nrf2 during experimental ischemia reperfusion
      1052. Glutathione (GSH) distribution by quantitative MALDI imaging in reconstructed human skin upon activation of GSH biosynthesis by Nrf2 pathway activator
      1053. Glutathione adduct of methylmercury activates the Keap1–Nrf2 pathway in SH-SY5Y cells
      1054. Glyceollins Induce Tumor Growth in Mouse Xenograft Model of Human Colon Cancer in Nrf2-Dependent Manner
      1055. Glycycoumarin ameliorates alcohol-induced hepatotoxicity via activation of Nrf2 and autophagy
      1056. Gold nanoparticles induce heme oxygenase-1 expression through Nrf2 activation and Bach1 export in human vascular endothelial cells
      1057. GR24, a synthetic analog of Strigolactones, alleviates inflammation and promotes Nrf2 cytoprotective response: In vitro and in silico evidences
      1058. Grape seed procyanidin extract ameliorates lead-induced liver injury via miRNA153 and AKT/GSK-3β/Fyn-mediated Nrf2 activation
      1059. Green tea extract attenuates oxidative stress, inflammation, and lipogenesis through Nrf2-dependent and-independent mechanisms in diet-induced obese mice with …
      1060. Growth on HNE modified collagen induce Nrf2 in breast cancer stem cells
      1061. GSTZ1 deficiency promotes hepatocellular carcinoma proliferation via activation of the KEAP1/Nrf2 pathway
      1062. GSTZ1‐1 Deficiency activates Nrf2/IGF1R axis in HCC VIA accumulation of Oncometabolite Succinylacetone
      1063. Guggulsterone induces heme oxygenase-1 expression through activation of Nrf2 in human mammary epithelial cells: PTEN as a putative target
      1064. GW29-e0001 Cinnameldehyde Attenuated Endothelial Dysfunction through Nrf2 Activation as a TRPA1 Agonist
      1065. GW29-e1780 Acacetin inhibits the apoptosis induced by lysophosphatidylcholine via activating Nrf2 in cultured rat aortic vascular smooth muscle cells
      1066. H2O2 promotes the aging process of melanogenesis through modulation of MITF and Nrf2
      1067. Halofuginone enhances the chemo-sensitivity of cancer cells by suppressing Nrf2 accumulation
      1068. Haptoglobin and hemopexin infusion efficiently activates the Nrf2/HO-1 axis and inhibits inflammation and vaso-occlusion in murine sickle cell disease
      1069. Hawthorn (Crataegus oxyacantha L.) Bark Extract Regulates Antioxidant Response Element (ARE)‐Mediated Enzyme Expression Via Nrf2 Pathway Activation in …
      1070. HCV-induced oxidative stress by inhibition of Nrf2 triggers autophagy and favors release of viral particles
      1071. HDAC3 inhibition prevents blood-brain barrier permeability through Nrf2 activation in type 2 diabetes male mice
      1072. Heat stress activates interleukin-8 and the antioxidant system via Nrf2 pathways in human dental pulp cells
      1073. HEATR1 deficiency promotes pancreatic cancer proliferation and gemcitabine resistance by up-regulating Nrf2 signaling
      1074. Hederagenin induces apoptosis in cisplatin-resistant head and neck cancer cells by inhibiting the Nrf2-ARE antioxidant pathway
      1075. Helicobacter pylori infection promotes autophagy through Nrf2-mediated heme oxygenase upregulation in human gastric cancer cells
      1076. Heme activates the heme oxygenase-1 gene in renal epithelial cells by stabilizing Nrf2
      1077. Heme oxygenase-1 induction through p38 MAPK/Nrf2 activation by ethanol extract of Artemisia capillaries inhibits LPS-activated iNOS, COX-2, and HMGB1 in …
      1078. Heme Oxygenase-1 Modulates Nrf2 Activation in Hyperoxia
      1079. Heme oxygenase-1 via transcriptional activation of Nrf2 attenuates apoptosis in A549 cells
      1080. Heme oxygenase-1 via transcriptional activation of Nrf2 attenuates apoptosis in A549 lung cancer cells
      1081. Heme Oxygenase-1 via Transcriptional Activation of Nrf2 Attenuates Apoptosis in Lung Cancer Cells
      1082. Hepatitis B virus induces expression of antioxidant response element-regulated genes by activation of Nrf2
      1083. Hepatitis B virus stimulates G6PD expression through HBx-mediated Nrf2 activation
      1084. Hepatoblastoma modeling in mice places Nrf2 within a cancer field established by mutant β-catenin
      1085. Hepatocyte-protective effect of nectandrin B, a nutmeg lignan, against oxidative stress: Role of Nrf2 activation through ERK phosphorylation and AMPK-dependent …
      1086. Hepatocyte-specific deletion of the keap1 gene activates Nrf2 and confers potent resistance against acute drug toxicity
      1087. Hepatoprotective effect of 7-hydroxycoumarin against methyl glyoxal toxicity via activation of Nrf2
      1088. HER2 confers drug resistance of human breast cancer cells through activation of Nrf2 by direct interaction
      1089. Heracleum moellendorffii roots inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory mediators through the inhibition of NF-κB and MAPK signaling, and activation of ROS …
      1090. Herbal formula SC-E1 suppresses lipopolysaccharide-stimulated inflammatory responses through activation of Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway in RAW 264.7 …
      1091. Hericium erinaceus inhibits TNF-α-induced angiogenesis and ROS generation through suppression of MMP-9/NF-κB signaling and activation of Nrf2 …
      1092. Hesperetin suppresses inflammatory responses in lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW 264.7 cells via the inhibition of NF-κB and activation of Nrf2/HO-1 pathways
      1093. Hesperidin attenuates learning and memory deficits in APP/PS1 mice through activation of Akt/Nrf2 signaling and inhibition of RAGE/NF-κB signaling
      1094. Hesperidin protects gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity via Nrf2/HO-1 signaling and inhibits inflammation mediated by NF-κB in rats
      1095. High CD44 expression mediates p62-associated NFE2L2/Nrf2 activation in breast cancer stem cell-like cells: implications for cancer stem cell resistance
      1096. High glucose promotes prostate cancer cells apoptosis via Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway
      1097. High levels of Nrf2 determine chemoresistance in type II endometrial cancer
      1098. High Nrf2 expression controls endoplasmic reticulum stress induced apoptosis in multiple myeloma
      1099. High Nrf2 level mediates cancer stem cell-like properties of aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH)-high ovarian cancer cells: inhibitory role of all-trans retinoic …
      1100. Hinokitiol suppresses cancer stemness and oncogenicity in glioma stem cells by Nrf2 regulation
      1101. Histone acetyltransferase MOZ acts as a co-activator of Nrf2–MafK and induces tumour marker gene expression during hepatocarcinogenesis
      1102. Histone deacetylase inhibition activates Nrf2 and protects against osteoarthritis
      1103. Histone deacetylase inhibition activates transcription factor Nrf2 and protects against cerebral ischemic damage
      1104. Histone methyltransferase Setd7 regulates Nrf2 signaling pathway by phenethyl isothiocyanate and ursolic acid in human prostate cancer cells
      1105. HIV-Tat induces the Nrf2/ARE pathway through NMDA receptor-elicited spermine oxidase activation in human neuroblastoma cells
      1106. HO‑1 alleviates cholesterol‑induced oxidative stress through activation of Nrf2/ERK and inhibition of PI3K/AKT pathways in endothelial cells
      1107. HO-1 and GSH mediate cancer cell resistance to Bortezomib: role of Nrf2
      1108. Hominis placenta Suppresses Acute Lung Inflammation by Activating Nrf2
      1109. Homocysteine Induces Heme Oxygenase-1 Expression via Transcription Factor Nrf2 Activation in HepG2 Cells
      1110. Homoeriodictyol protects human endothelial cells against oxidative insults through activation of Nrf2 and inhibition of mitochondrial dysfunction
      1111. Honokiol alleviates oxidative stress-induced neurotoxicity via activation of Nrf2
      1112. Honokiol ameliorates myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in type 1 diabetic rats by reducing oxidative stress and apoptosis through activating the SIRT1-Nrf2 …
      1113. Hsp90 interaction with INrf2 (Keap1) mediates stress-induced Nrf2 activation
      1114. Hsp90 interaction with INrf2 (Keap1) mediates stress-induced Nrf2 activation.
      1115. HX-1171 attenuates pancreatic β-cell apoptosis and hyperglycemia-mediated oxidative stress via Nrf2 activation in streptozotocin-induced diabetic model
      1116. HX‐1171, a Novel Nrf2 Activator, Induces NQO1 and HMOX1 Expression
      1117. HYCO-3, a dual CO-releaser/Nrf2 activator, reduces tissue inflammation in mice challenged with lipopolysaccharide
      1118. Hydralazine induces stress resistance and extends C. elegans lifespan by activating the Nrf2/SKN-1 signalling pathway
      1119. Hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress activates NF-κB and Nrf2/Keap1 signals and triggers autophagy in piglets
      1120. Hydrogen sulfide alleviates uranium-induced kidney cell apoptosis mediated by ER stress via 20S proteasome involving in Akt/GSK-3β/Fyn-Nrf2 signaling
      1121. Hydrogen sulfide attenuates calcification of vascular smooth muscle cells via KEAP1/Nrf2/NQO1 activation
      1122. Hydrogen sulfide decreases high glucose/palmitate-induced autophagy in endothelial cells by the Nrf2-ROS-AMPK signaling pathway
      1123. Hydrogen sulfide induces Keap1 S-sulfhydration and suppresses diabetes-accelerated atherosclerosis via Nrf2 activation
      1124. hydrogen sulfide modulator, S-propargyl-cysteine, on high glucose-induced apoptosis in cardiomyocytes: a novel mechanism mediated by the activation of Nrf2
      1125. Hydrogen Sulfide Protects Against Cellular Senescence via S-Sulfhydration of Keap1 and Activation of Nrf2
      1126. hydroxymatairesinol protects against tumor necrosis factor-α-mediated inflammation response in endothelial cells by blocking the MAPK/NF-κB and activating Nrf2 …
      1127. Hydroxytyrosol butyrate inhibits 6-OHDA-induced apoptosis through activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 axis in SH-SY5Y cells
      1128. Hydroxytyrosol induces proliferation and cytoprotection against oxidative injury in vascular endothelial cells: role of Nrf2 activation and HO-1 induction
      1129. Hyperactivation of Nrf2 increases stress tolerance at the cost of aging acceleration due to metabolic deregulation
      1130. Hyperoside alleviated N-acetyl-para-amino-phenol-induced acute hepatic injury via Nrf2 activation
      1131. Hyperoside attenuates dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in mice possibly via activation of the Nrf2 signalling pathway
      1132. Hyperoside attenuates OVA-induced allergic airway inflammation by activating Nrf2
      1133. Hyperthermia induced the apoptosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells and affected the nuclear translocation of Nrf2
      1134. Hypotaurine promotes longevity and stress tolerance via the stress response factors DAF-16/FOXO and SKN-1/Nrf2 in Caenorhabditis elegans
      1135. iASPP is an antioxidative factor and drives cancer growth and drug resistance by competing with Nrf2 for Keap1 binding
      1136. Icariin modulates carrageenan-induced acute inflammation through HO-1/Nrf2 and NF-kB signaling pathways
      1137. Icariside II activates EGFR-Akt-Nrf2 signaling and protects osteoblasts from dexamethasone
      1138. Identification and characterization of PERK activators by phenotypic screening and their effects on Nrf2 activation
      1139. Identification of Chromomoric Acid CI as an Nrf2 Activator in Chromolaena odorata
      1140. Identification of compound isolated from Beilschmiedia tsangii as a liver cancer specific Nrf2 inhibitor
      1141. Identification of ketoconazole as an AhR-Nrf2 activator in cultured human keratinocytes: the basis of its anti-inflammatory effect
      1142. Identification of novel Nrf2 target genes as prognostic biomarkers in colitis-associated colorectal cancer in Nrf2-deficient mice
      1143. Identification of Nrf2/STAT3 axis in induction of apoptosis through sub‐G 1 cell cycle arrest mechanism in HT‐29 colon cancer cells
      1144. Identification of retinoic acid as an inhibitor of transcription factor Nrf2 through activation of retinoic acid receptor alpha
      1145. Identifying panaxynol, a natural activator of nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) from American ginseng as a suppressor of inflamed macrophage-induced …
      1146. IL-11 contribution to tumorigenesis in an Nrf2 addiction cancer model
      1147. IL-6 Stimulates Autophagy in Wild Type and Nrf2 Knock Out Mice β-cells
      1148. Imatinib-induced apoptosis could be enhanced by Triptolide in Imatinib-resistant chronic myeloid leukemia cell line through down-regulation of HIF-1αand Nrf2
      1149. Imine resveratrol analogues: molecular design, Nrf2 activation and SAR analysis
      1150. Impact of Glucoraphanin-Mediated Activation of Nrf2 on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease with a Focus on Mitochondrial Dysfunction
      1151. Impact of Nrf2 on UVB‐induced skin inflammation/photoprotection and photoprotective effect of sulforaphane
      1152. Impact of Oxidative Stress by Hepatitis C Virus-mediated Nrf2 Inhibition on Autophagy and Viral Particle Release
      1153. Impact of the transcription factor Nrf2 in the modulation of autophagy on TAU and β-amyloid pathology in a combined mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease
      1154. Impacts of Nrf2 Activation in Non‐Small‐Cell Lung Cancer Cell Lines on Extracellular Metabolites
      1155. Impaired activation of the Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway undermines H2O2-induced oxidative stress response: a possible mechanism for melanocyte …
      1156. Impaired Nrf2 regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis in rostral ventrolateral medulla on hypertension induced by systemic inflammation
      1157. Impaired Transcriptional Regulation of Nrf2 and Antioxidant Signaling in Vascular Tissue of Aging Mice
      1158. Impairment of HIF-1α-mediated metabolic adaption by Nrf2-silencing in breast cancer cells
      1159. Implication of Nrf2 and ATF4 in differential induction of CHOP by proteasome inhibition in thyroid cancer cells
      1160. in restoration of tumour suppressor p53 and phase-II antioxidant enzymes via activation of Nrf2 signalling and modulation of inflammation in prevention of …
      1161. in the development of chemoresistance to cisplatin in the treatment of non‐small‐cell lung cancer via regulating the signaling pathway of microRNA‐495/Nrf2
      1162. In Vitro and In Vivo Neuroprotective Effects of Stellettin B Through Anti-Apoptosis and the Nrf2/HO-1 Pathway
      1163. In Vitro Biotransformation of the Nrf2 Activator Bardoxolone: Formation of an Epoxide Metabolite That Undergoes Two Novel Glutathione-Mediated Metabolic …
      1164. In vivo and in vitro evidence for the involvement of Nrf2-antioxidant response element signaling pathway in the inflammation and oxidative stress induced by …
      1165. Increased Alzheimer’s disease–like pathology in the APP/PS1ΔE9 mouse model lacking Nrf2 through modulation of autophagy
      1166. Increased cell migration and plasticity in Nrf2-deficient cancer cell lines
      1167. Increased expression of Nrf2/ARE-dependent anti-oxidant proteins in tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer cells
      1168. Increased glutathione biosynthesis by Nrf2 activation in astrocytes prevents p75NTR‐dependent motor neuron apoptosis
      1169. Increased glutathione synthesis following Nrf2 activation by vanadyl sulfate in human chang liver cells
      1170. Increased Nrf2 activation in livers from Keap1-knockdown mice increases expression of cytoprotective genes that detoxify electrophiles more than those that detoxify …
      1171. Increased proteasome subunit protein expression and proteasome activity in colon cancer relate to an enhanced activation of nuclear factor E2-related factor …
      1172. Increased susceptibility of Nrf2 knockout mice to colitis-associated colorectal cancer
      1173. increases ROS generation by suppressing Nrf2-ARE and NF-кB signaling pathways and decreases metabolic phenotypes and metastatic activity in colon cancer cells
      1174. Increasing autophagy and blocking Nrf2 suppress laminopathy‐induced age‐dependent cardiac dysfunction and shortened lifespan
      1175. Indole-3-carbinol as inhibitors of glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis in osteoblastic cells through blocking ROS-mediated Nrf2 pathway
      1176. -induced adhesion molecule expression and oxidant production in human aortic endothelial cells by p38-mediated Nrf2 activation and antioxidant enzyme …
      1177. -induced changes in cellular redox status and HO-1 upregulation are FGFR-dependent and proceed through both ERK and AKT to induce CREB and Nrf2 activation
      1178. induced hepatocarcinogenesis via modulation of Nrf2/ARE/HO-1, PPARγ and TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling, and amelioration of oxidative stress and inflammation
      1179. -induced INrf2 (Keap1) tyrosine 85 phosphorylation controls the nuclear export and degradation of the INrf2–Cul3–Rbx1 complex to allow normal Nrf2 activation and …
      1180. -induced oxidative stress and inflammation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells through suppression of mitochondrial dysfunction and activation of Nrf2
      1181. Inducers of senescence, toxic compounds, and Senolytics: the multiple faces of Nrf2-activating phytochemicals in Cancer adjuvant therapy
      1182. induces Sertoli cell apoptosis in mice via ROS/JNK-dependent activation of the mitochondrial pathway and inhibition of Nrf2-mediated antioxidant response
      1183. Induction of activation of the antioxidant response element and stabilization of Nrf2 by 3-(3-pyridylmethylidene)-2-indolinone (PMID) confers protection against …
      1184. Induction of antioxidant and detoxification response by oxidants in cardiomyocytes: evidence from gene expression profiling and activation of Nrf2 transcription factor
      1185. Induction of cancer chemopreventive enzymes by coffee is mediated by transcription factor Nrf2. Evidence that the coffee-specific diterpenes cafestol and kahweol …
      1186. Induction of cell and autophagy by the anticancer redox agent mitoquinone is regulated by Nrf2
      1187. Induction of HO-1 by Mevastatin Mediated via a Nox/ROS-Dependent c-Src/PDGFRα/PI3K/Akt/Nrf2/ARE Cascade Suppresses TNF-α-Induced Lung Inflammation
      1188. Induction of HO-1 through p38 MAPK/Nrf2 signaling pathway by ethanol extract of Inula helenium L. reduces inflammation in LPS-activated RAW 264.7 cells and CLP …
      1189. Induction of NAD (P) H: quinone oxidoreductase 1 expression by cysteine via Nrf2 activation in human intestinal epithelial LS180 cells
      1190. Induction of phase 2 enzymes by serum oxidized polyamines through activation of Nrf2: effect of the polyamine metabolite acrolein
      1191. Induction of sulfiredoxin expression and reduction of peroxiredoxin hyperoxidation by the neuroprotective Nrf2 activator 3H‐1, 2‐dithiole‐3‐thione
      1192. Induction of the Nrf2-driven antioxidant response by tert-butylhydroquinone prevents ethanol-induced apoptosis in cranial neural crest cells
      1193. Inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness after chlorine exposure are prolonged by Nrf2 deficiency in mice
      1194. inflammation and oxidative stress in RAW 264.7 macrophages by suppressing the NF-κB, MAPKs and PI3K/Akt pathways and activating Nrf2/HO-1 signaling
      1195. inflammation, enhanced lymphoproliferation, and impaired homeostasis of reactive oxygen species in mice lacking the antioxidant-activated transcription factor Nrf2
      1196. Inflammation, oxidative stress, and higher expression levels of Nrf2 and NQO1 proteins in the airways of women chronically exposed to biomass fuel smoke
      1197. Inflammation-induced behavioral changes is driven by alterations in Nrf2-dependent apoptosis and autophagy in mouse hippocampus: Role of fluoxetine
      1198. Inflammation-induced ROS generation causes pancreatic cell death through modulation of Nrf2/NF-κB and SAPK/JNK pathway
      1199. Inflammatory stress induces a biphasic Nrf2 activation in neuronal cells
      1200. Influences of urinary kallidinogenase on neuronal apoptosis in cerebral infarction rats through Nrf2/ARE oxidative stress pathway
      1201. Inhibiting inflammation and modulating oxidative stress in oxalate-induced nephrolithiasis with the Nrf2 activator dimethyl fumarate
      1202. Inhibition of 6-hydroxydopamine-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress by sulforaphane through the activation of Nrf2 nuclear translocation
      1203. Inhibition of AP-1 and MAPK signaling and activation of Nrf2/ARE pathway by quercitrin
      1204. inhibition of autophagy and Nrf2 signaling augments bortezomib-induced apoptosis by increasing ROS production and ER stress in pancreatic cancer cells
      1205. Inhibition of autophagy reverses alcohol-induced hepatic stellate cells activation through activation of Nrf2-Keap1-ARE signaling pathway
      1206. Inhibition Of Cigarette Smoke-Induced Chemokine Production By The Nrf2 Activator Sulforaphane
      1207. Inhibition of cytochrome P450 2E1 and activation of transcription factor Nrf2 are renoprotective in myoglobinuric acute kidney injury
      1208. Inhibition of early biochemical defects in prodromal Huntington’s disease by simultaneous activation of Nrf2 and elevation of multiple micronutrients
      1209. Inhibition of epigallocatechin gallate on orthotopic colon cancer by upregulating the Nrf2-UGT1A signal pathway in nude mice
      1210. Inhibition of estrogen signaling activates the Nrf2 pathway in breast cancer
      1211. Inhibition of fatty acid amide hydrolase activates Nrf2 signalling and induces heme oxygenase 1 transcription in breast cancer cells
      1212. Inhibition of liver fibrosis by solubilized coenzyme Q10: role of Nrf2 activation in inhibiting transforming growth factor-β1 expression
      1213. Inhibition of LXRα-dependent steatosis and oxidative injury by liquiritigenin, a licorice flavonoid, as mediated with Nrf2 activation
      1214. Inhibition of neointimal formation by trans‐resveratrol: Role of phosphatidyl inositol 3‐kinase‐dependent Nrf2 activation in heme oxygenase‐1 induction
      1215. Inhibition of neuroinflammation by thymoquinone requires activation of Nrf2/ARE signalling
      1216. Inhibition of NO-induced β-cell death by novel NF-κB inhibitor (−)-DHMEQ via activation of Nrf2–ARE pathway
      1217. Inhibition of Nrf2 by PIK-75 augments sensitivity of pancreatic cancer cells to gemcitabine
      1218. Inhibition of Nrf2 in cancer cells enhances apoptotic response and suppresses cell growth: a potential involvement of the p53 signaling
      1219. Inhibition of Nrf2 promotes the antitumor effect of Pinelliae rhizome in papillary thyroid cancer
      1220. Inhibition of Nrf2/HO-1 signaling leads to increased activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in osteoarthritis
      1221. Inhibition of nuclear factor-erythroid 2–related factor (Nrf2) by caveolin-1 promotes stress-induced premature senescence
      1222. Inhibition of p53 with its specific inhibitor pifithrin-α prevents hepatic oxidative stress and inflammation, probably via up-regulating Sirt1/Nrf2 pathway
      1223. Inhibition of PDGFR by CP-673451 induces apoptosis and increases cisplatin cytotoxicity in NSCLC cells via inhibiting the Nrf2-mediated defense mechanism
      1224. Inhibition of phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase impairs the benzyl isothiocyanate-induced accumulation of autophagic molecules and Nrf2 in human colon cancer cells
      1225. Inhibition of the Nrf2 transcription factor by the alkaloid trigonelline renders pancreatic cancer cells more susceptible to apoptosis through decreased …
      1226. Inhibitor of Nrf2 (INrf2 or Keap1) protein degrades Bcl-xL via phosphoglycerate mutase 5 and controls cellular apoptosis
      1227. Inhibitor of Nrf2 (INrf2 or Keap1) protein degrades Bcl-xL via phosphoglycerate mutase 5 and controls cellular apoptosis.
      1228. Inhibitory Effects of a Novel Nrf2 Activator Rs9 on 2, 4, 6-Trichlorobenzene-Induced Contact Dermatitis in Mice
      1229. Inhibitory effects of geraniin on LPS-induced inflammation via regulating NF-κB and Nrf2 pathways in RAW 264.7 cells
      1230. Inhibitory regulation of Nrf2 activation by RAC3/AIB1/SRC-3
      1231. inhibits platelet-derived growth factor-induced vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation by targeting mTOR/p70S6kinase signaling independent of Nrf2 activation
      1232. Insights into the role of Nrf2 in cancer provided by cancer genomics
      1233. Insulin Confers Neuroprotection Against Hyperglycemic Stress-Induced Apoptosis Through PI3K/Akt/mTOR/Nrf2/GCL/Redox Signaling.
      1234. Insulin-like growth factor-1 protects SH-SY5Y cells against β-amyloid-induced apoptosis via the PI3K/Akt-Nrf2 pathway
      1235. Integrated stress response in hepatitis C promotes Nrf2-related chaperone-mediated autophagy: A novel mechanism for host-microbe survival and HCC development …
      1236. Interaction of DNA demethylase and histone methyltransferase upregulates Nrf2 in 5-fluorouracil-resistant colon cancer cells
      1237. Interaction of ERα and Nrf2 impacts survival in ovarian cancer patients
      1238. Interaction of obesity and Nrf2 deficiency accelerates cerebromicrovascular aging and impairs neurovascular coupling responses
      1239. Interaction of obesity and Nrf2 deficiency exacerbates vascular aging: potential role of endothelial senescence
      1240. Interleukin-18 binding protein attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury in mice via suppression NF-κB and activation Nrf2 pathway
      1241. Intermittent hypoxia simulating obstructive sleep apnea causes pulmonary inflammation and activates the Nrf2/HO‑1 pathway
      1242. Interplay between Nrf2 and GPX4 is critical for cancer cell survival in 3D spheroids
      1243. Interplay of MKP-1 and Nrf2 drives tumor growth and drug resistance in non-small cell lung cancer
      1244. Intracellular accumulation of subviral HBsAg particles and diminished Nrf2 activation in HBV genotype G expressing cells lead to an increased ROI level
      1245. Intracellular redox status determines self-renewal activity of breast cancer stem-like cells through activation of Nrf2-mediated FoxO3a-Bmi-1 signaling
      1246. Introducing the Dose-Equivalence/Zero-Interaction (DE/ZI) Method for Quantifying Small Molecule Interactions: Nrf2/Antioxidant Response Element Pathway …
      1247. Investigation of Nrf2, AhR and ATF4 activation in toxicogenomic databases
      1248. Involvement of activation of the Nrf2/ARE pathway in protection against 6-OHDA-induced SH-SY5Y cell death by α-iso-cubebenol
      1249. Involvement of Nrf2 activation in resistance to 5-fluorouracil in human colon cancer HT-29 cells
      1250. Involvement of Nrf2 activation in the upregulation of S100A9 by exposure to inorganic arsenite
      1251. Involvement of Nrf2 and Keap1 in the Activation of Antioxidant Responsive Element (ARE) by Chemopreventive Agent Peptides from Soft-shelled Turtle
      1252. Involvement of Nrf2 in proteasome inhibition-mediated induction of ORP150 in thyroid cancer cells
      1253. Involvement of Nrf2 signaling in doxorubicin resistance of cancer stem cell-enriched colonospheres
      1254. Involvement of Nrf2-mediated upregulation of heme oxygenase-1 in mollugin-induced growth inhibition and apoptosis in human oral cancer cells
      1255. Involvement of Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Glutamate in Ototoxici-ty, and their Attenuation by Simultaneous Activation of Nrf2 and Elevation of …
      1256. Involvement of the activation of Nrf2/HO-1, p38 MAPK signaling pathways and endoplasmic reticulum stress in furazolidone induced cytotoxicity and S phase arrest in …
      1257. Involvement of the Nrf2 pathway in the regulation of pterostilbene-induced apoptosis in HeLa cells via ER stress
      1258. Iodoacetic Acid Activates Nrf2-Mediated Antioxidant Response in Vitro and in Vivo
      1259. Ionizing radiation activates the Nrf2 antioxidant response
      1260. Irisin pretreatment ameliorates intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury in mice through activation of the Nrf2 pathway
      1261. Iron deficiency induces autophagy and activates Nrf2 signal through modulating p62/SQSTM
      1262. Ironing Out Roles and Regulation of Nrf2 in a Hereditary Cancer Syndrome
      1263. Irradiation inhibits the maturation and mineralization of osteoblasts via the activation of Nrf2/HO-1 pathway
      1264. Is ozone pre-conditioning effect linked to Nrf2/EpRE activation pathway in vivo? A preliminary result
      1265. Is there a sweet spot for Nrf2 activation in the treatment of diabetic kidney disease?
      1266. Isoalantolactone protects LPS-induced acute lung injury through Nrf2 activation
      1267. Isobavachalcone attenuates Sephadex-induced lung injury via activation of A20 and Nrf2/HO-1 in rats
      1268. Isodeoxyelephantopin induces protective autophagy in lung cancer cells via Nrf2-p62-keap1 feedback loop
      1269. Isoflavone biochanin A, a novel nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2)‐antioxidant response element activator, protects against oxidative damage in HepG2 …
      1270. Isolated from Pogostemon cablin Bentham Exerts Antioxidant and Cytoprotective Effects in HepG2 Cells: Possible Role of ERK-Dependent Nrf2 Activation
      1271. Isolation of NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a NF-E2-like basic leucine zipper transcriptional activator that binds to the tandem NF-E2/AP1 repeat of the beta-globin locus …
      1272. Isolation, identification, and biological evaluation of Nrf2-ARE activator from the leaves of green perilla (Perilla frutescens var. crispa f. viridis)
      1273. Isoliquiritigenin alleviates early brain injury after experimental intracerebral hemorrhage via suppressing ROS-and/or NF-κB-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome …
      1274. Isoliquiritigenin inhibits cigarette smoke-induced COPD by attenuating inflammation and oxidative stress via the regulation of the Nrf2 and NF-κB signaling …
      1275. Isoliquiritigenin protects against triptolide-induced hepatotoxicity in mice through Nrf2 activation
      1276. Isoliquiritigenin triggers developmental toxicity and oxidative stress–mediated apoptosis in zebrafish embryos/larvae via Nrf2-HO1/JNK-ERK/mitochondrion pathway
      1277. Isoniazid induces apoptosis: Role of oxidative stress and inhibition of nuclear translocation of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2)
      1278. Isoniazid prevents Nrf2 translocation by inhibiting ERK1 phosphorylation and induces oxidative stress and apoptosis
      1279. Isoorientin ameliorates APAP-induced hepatotoxicity via activation Nrf2 antioxidative pathway: The involvement of AMPK/Akt/GSK3β
      1280. Isoquercetin activates the ERK1/2-Nrf2 pathway and protects against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in vivo and in vitro
      1281. Isoquercetin attenuates oxidative stress and neuronal apoptosis after ischemia/reperfusion injury via Nrf2-mediated inhibition of the NOX4/ROS/NF-κB pathway
      1282. Isorhapontigenin inhibits triple-negative breast cancer via activating Nrf2-mediated pathway
      1283. Isothiocyanates protect against oxidized LDL‐induced endothelial dysfunction by upregulating Nrf2‐dependent antioxidation and suppressing NFκB activation
      1284. Itaconate is an anti-inflammatory metabolite that activates Nrf2 via alkylation of KEAP1
      1285. Itaconate Prevents Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Formation Through Inhibiting Inflammation Via Activation of Nrf2
      1286. Janus face of Nrf2–HO-1 axis in cancer—Friend in chemoprevention, foe in anticancer therapy
      1287. JWA antagonizes paraquat-induced neurotoxicity via activation of Nrf2
      1288. K6PC-5 activates SphK1-Nrf2 signaling to protect neuronal cells from oxygen glucose deprivation/re-oxygenation
      1289. Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus induces Nrf2 activation in latently infected endothelial cells through SQSTM1 phosphorylation and interaction with …
      1290. Keap1 and Nrf2 genetic mutations and polymorphisms: Associations with clinical outcome in endometrial cancer
      1291. Keap1 cysteine 288 as a potential target for diallyl trisulfide-induced Nrf2 activation
      1292. Keap1 Cystenine 151 as a Potential Target for Artemisitene-Induced Nrf2 Activation
      1293. KEAP1 editing using CRISPR/Cas9 for therapeutic Nrf2 activation in primary human T lymphocytes
      1294. KEAP1 gene editing using CRISPR/Cas9 for therapeutic Nrf2 activation in human T cells
      1295. KEAP1 gene mutations and Nrf2 activation are common in pulmonary papillary adenocarcinoma
      1296. Keap1 mutations and Nrf2 pathway activation in epithelial ovarian cancer
      1297. KEAP1/Nrf2 axis regulates H2O2-induced apoptosis of pancreatic β-cells
      1298. Keap1/Nrf2 pathway in kidney cancer: frequent methylation of KEAP1 gene promoter in clear renal cell carcinoma
      1299. Keap1/Nrf2 pathway in the frontiers of cancer and non-cancer cell metabolism
      1300. KEAP1/Nrf2 signaling pathway mutations in cervical cancer
      1301. Keap1/Nrf2 signaling regulates oxidative stress tolerance and lifespan in Drosophila
      1302. Keap1/Nrf2 Signaling: A New Player in Thyroid Pathophysiology and Thyroid Cancer
      1303. Keap1‐Nrf2 activation in the presence and absence of DJ‐1
      1304. KEAP1-Nrf2 pathway as a modulator of response to radiation in rectal cancer
      1305. Keap1–Nrf2 pathway: A promising target towards lung cancer prevention and therapeutics
      1306. Keap1-Nrf2 Regulatory System and Cancer
      1307. Keap1–Nrf2 signaling: a target for cancer prevention by sulforaphane
      1308. KEAP1–Nrf2 signalling and autophagy in protection against oxidative and reductive proteotoxicity
      1309. Keap1–Nrf2 signalling in pancreatic cancer
      1310. Keap1-Nrf2 system: potential role in prevention of sickle cell disease organs damages and inflammation
      1311. KEAP1-Nrf2-ARE signaling interacts with the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex in non-small cell lung cancer.
      1312. Keap1-null mutation leads to postnatal lethality due to constitutive Nrf2 activation
      1313. Keaping a lid on lung cancer: the Keap1-Nrf2 pathway
      1314. Keratinocyte HaCaT Cells against H2O2‐Induced Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis through Upregulation of HO‐1 Expression via Activation of the PI3K/Akt/Nrf2 …
      1315. Ketamine ameliorates oxidative stress-induced apoptosis in experimental traumatic brain injury via the Nrf2 pathway
      1316. Ketogenic diet attenuates oxidative stress and inflammation after spinal cord injury by activating Nrf2 and suppressing the NF-κB signaling pathways
      1317. Ketone body 3‐hydroxybutyrate mimics calorie restriction via the Nrf2 activator, fumarate, in the retina
      1318. Kinsenoside ameliorates intervertebral disc degeneration through the activation of AKT-ERK1/2-Nrf2 signaling pathway
      1319. Kiwi fruit (Actinidia deliciosa) ameliorates gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in albino mice via the activation of Nrf2 and the inhibition of NF-κB (Kiwi & gentamicin …
      1320. KLF2 primes the antioxidant transcription factor Nrf2 for activation in endothelial cells
      1321. KLF2 Protects against Osteoarthritis by Repressing Oxidative Response through Activation of Nrf2/ARE Signaling In Vitro and In Vivo
      1322. Klotho improves cardiac function by suppressing reactive oxygen species (ROS) mediated apoptosis by modulating Mapks/Nrf2 signaling in doxorubicin …
      1323. KMS99220 Exerts Anti-Inflammatory Effects, Activates the Nrf2 Signaling and Interferes with IKK, JNK and p38 MAPK via HO-1
      1324. Knockdown of IL-32 protects PC12 cells against oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation-induced injury via activation of Nrf2/NF-κB pathway
      1325. Knockdown of Nrf2 enhances autophagy induced by temozolomide in U251 human glioma cell line
      1326. Knockdown of Nrf2 in cancer cells suppresses tumor growth: implication for the inhibitory role in HIF-1α and ErbB2 signaling
      1327. Knockdown of Nrf2 suppresses glioblastoma angiogenesis by inhibiting hypoxia‐induced activation of HIF‐1α
      1328. Knockout of the transcription factor Nrf2: Effects on testosterone production by aging mouse Leydig cells
      1329. Lactobacillus plantarum AR501 Alleviates the Oxidative Stress of D‐Galactose‐Induced Aging Mice Liver by Upregulation of Nrf2‐Mediated Antioxidant Enzyme …
      1330. Lactose induced redox-dependent senescence and activated Nrf2 pathway
      1331. Lactucopicrin ameliorates oxidative stress mediated by scopolamine-induced neurotoxicity through activation of the Nrf2 pathway
      1332. Lactucopicrin suppresses oxidative stress initiated by scopolamine-induced neurotoxicity through activation of Nrf2 pathway
      1333. Lagerstroemia speciosa L. Attenuates Apoptosis in Isoproterenol-Induced Cardiotoxic Mice by Inhibiting Oxidative Stress: Possible Role of Nrf2/HO-1
      1334. Laminar flow activation of ERK5 protein in vascular endothelium leads to atheroprotective effect via NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activation
      1335. Lansoprazole halts contrast induced nephropathy through activation of Nrf2 pathway in rats
      1336. LAPTM4B is associated with poor prognosis in NSCLC and promotes the Nrf2-mediated stress response pathway in lung cancer cells
      1337. l-Arginine induces antioxidant response to prevent oxidative stress via stimulation of glutathione synthesis and activation of Nrf2 pathway
      1338. l-carnitine protects human hepatocytes from oxidative stress-induced toxicity through Akt-mediated activation of Nrf2 signaling pathway
      1339. L-carnitine regulated Nrf2/Keap1 activation in vitro and in vivo and protected oxidized fish oil-induced inflammation response by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling …
      1340. L-Cysteine protects intestinal integrity, attenuates intestinal inflammation and oxidant stress, and modulates NF-κB and Nrf2 pathways in weaned piglets after LPS …
      1341. leaf extract up-regulates Nrf2/ARE/HO-1 signaling and attenuates cyclophosphamide-induced oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis in rat kidney
      1342. Legionella pneumophila activates Nrf2-Keap1 pathway to inhibit autophagy of mouse RAW264. 7 macrophages
      1343. Leocarpinolide B attenuates LPS-induced inflammation on RAW264. 7 macrophages by mediating NF-κB and Nrf2 pathways
      1344. Leonurine ameliorates D-galactose-induced aging in mice through activation of the Nrf2 signalling pathway
      1345. L-F001, a novel multifunctional ROCK inhibitor, suppresses neuroinflammation in vitro and in vivo: involvement of NF-κB inhibition and Nrf2 pathway activation
      1346. Lico A enhances Nrf2-mediated defense mechanisms against t-BHP-induced oxidative stress and cell death via Akt and ERK activation in RAW 264.7 cells
      1347. Licochalcone A activates Keap1-Nrf2 signaling to suppress arthritis via phosphorylation of p62 at serine 349
      1348. Licochalcone A activates Nrf2 in vitro and contributes to licorice extract‐induced lowered cutaneous oxidative stress in vivo
      1349. Licochalcone E activates Nrf2/antioxidant response element signaling pathway in both neuronal and microglial cells: therapeutic relevance to neurodegenerative …
      1350. ligase and multidrug-resistance protein 1 by 15-deoxy-\# 916; 12, 14-prostaglandin J2 confers resistance to doxorubicin-induced apoptosis in human breast cancer …
      1351. Lignans from Saururus chinensis exhibit anti-inflammatory activity by influencing the Nrf2/HO-1 activation pathway
      1352. Ligustilide activates Nrf2/HO-1 induction, NO synthesis and ameliorates vascular inflammation in HUVECs
      1353. Ligustilide attenuates vascular inflammation and activates Nrf2/HO-1 induction and, NO synthesis in HUVECs
      1354. Ligustrazine nanoparticles nano spray’s activation on Nrf2/ARE pathway in oxidative stress injury in rats with postoperative abdominal adhesion
      1355. Linagliptin protects rat carotid artery from balloon injury and activates the Nrf2 antioxidant pathway
      1356. Linalool inhibits LPS-induced inflammation in BV2 microglia cells by activating Nrf2
      1357. Linking Klotho, Nrf2, MAP kinases and aging
      1358. Lipoic acid prevents high-fat diet-induced hepatic steatosis in Goto Kakizaki rats by reducing oxidative stress through Nrf2 activation
      1359. Lipoicmethylenedioxyphenol reduces experimental atherosclerosis through activation of Nrf2 signaling
      1360. Lipopolysaccharide preconditioning attenuates neuroapoptosis and improves functional recovery through activation of Nrf2 in traumatic spinal cord injury rats
      1361. Lipoxin A4 Activates Nrf2 Pathway and Ameliorates Cell Damage in Cultured Cortical Astrocytes Exposed to Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation/Reperfusion Insults
      1362. Liraglutide activates the Nrf2/HO-1 antioxidant pathway and protects brain nerve cells against cerebral ischemia in diabetic rats
      1363. Liraglutide reduces hepatic glucolipotoxicity‑induced liver cell apoptosis through Nrf2 signaling in Zucker diabetic fatty rats
      1364. Lithium promotes longevity through GSK3/Nrf2-dependent hormesis
      1365. Lithium protects against paraquat neurotoxicity by Nrf2 activation and miR-34a inhibition in SH-SY5Y cells
      1366. Lithospermic acid B protects beta-cells from cytokine-induced apoptosis by alleviating apoptotic pathways and activating anti-apoptotic pathways of Nrf2–HO-1 and …
      1367. Liver injury attenuation by curcumin in a rat NASH model: an Nrf2 activation-mediated effect?
      1368. Liver-specific loss of Atg5 causes persistent activation of Nrf2 and protects against acetaminophen-induced liver injury
      1369. LKB1 Loss induces characteristic patterns of gene expression in human tumors associated with Nrf2 activation and attenuation of PI3K-AKT
      1370. LL202 ameliorates colitis against oxidative stress of macrophage by activation of the Nrf2/HO‐1 pathway
      1371. l‐Methionine activates Nrf2‐ARE pathway to induce endogenous antioxidant activity for depressing ROS‐derived oxidative stress in growing rats
      1372. LncRNA SLC7A11-AS1 promotes chemoresistance by blocking SCFβ-TRCP-mediated degradation of Nrf2 in pancreatic cancer
      1373. lncRNA‑NR024118 overexpression reverses LPS‑induced inflammatory injury and apoptosis via NF‑κB/Nrf2 signaling in ATDC5 chondrocytes
      1374. Long term effect of curcumin in restoration of tumour suppressor p53 and phase-II antioxidant enzymes via activation of Nrf2 signalling and modulation of …
      1375. Longer lifespan in male mice treated with a weakly estrogenic agonist, an antioxidant, an α‐glucosidase inhibitor or a Nrf2‐inducer
      1376. Long-term autophagy and Nrf2 signaling in the hippocampi of developing mice after carbon ion exposure
      1377. Long-term cadmium exposure impairs activation of Nrf2-mediated defense mechanism
      1378. Long-Term Intake of Glucoraphanin-Enriched Kale Suppresses Skin Aging via Activating Nrf2 and the TβRII/Smad Pathway in SAMP1 Mice
      1379. Loss of Beclin1 Expression and Nrf2 Overexpression are Associated with Poor Survival of Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
      1380. Loss of Keap1 function activates Nrf2 and provides advantages for lung cancer cell growth
      1381. Lotus seed skin proanthocyanidin extract exhibits potent antioxidant property via activation of the Nrf2–ARE pathway
      1382. Low concentration of 4-hydroxy hexenal increases heme oxygenase-1 expression through activation of Nrf2 and antioxidative activity in vascular endothelial cells
      1383. Low-dose dose–response for in vitro Nrf2-ARE activation in human HepG2 cells
      1384. Low-dose radiation activates Akt and Nrf2 in the kidney of diabetic mice: a potential mechanism to prevent diabetic nephropathy
      1385. Lower Nrf2 Activity And Decreased Levels Of Pdi And No In The Kidney Contributes To Hypertension In The Aging Fbns
      1386. LUNG INJURY AND BRONCHOPULMONARY DYSPLASIA: Dysfunctional Nrf2 Signaling In Myeloid Cells Causes Heightened Levels Of Lung Inflammation And …
      1387. Lupiwighteone induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis and activates the Nrf2/ARE pathway in human neuroblastoma cells
      1388. Lutein Activates the Transcription Factor Nrf2 in Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells
      1389. Lutein prevents osteoarthritis through Nrf2 activation and downregulation of inflammation
      1390. Lutein reverses hyperglycemia-mediated blockage of Nrf2 translocation by modulating the activation of intracellular protein kinases in retinal pigment epithelial (ARPE …
      1391. Lutein suppresses inflammatory responses through Nrf2 activation and NF‐κB inactivation in lipopolysaccharide‐stimulated BV‐2 microglia
      1392. Lutein suppresses oxidative stress and inflammation by Nrf2 activation in an osteoporosis rat model
      1393. Luteolin ameliorates dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in mice possibly through activation of the Nrf2 signaling pathway
      1394. Luteolin induces mitochondrial apoptosis in HT29 cells by inhibiting the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway
      1395. Luteolin promotes apoptotic cell death via upregulation of Nrf2 expression by DNA demethylase and the interaction of Nrf2 with p53 in human colon cancer …
      1396. Luteolin protects against diabetic cardiomyopathy by inhibiting NF-κB-mediated inflammation and activating the Nrf2-mediated antioxidant responses
      1397. Luteolin sensitizes two oxaliplatin-resistant colorectal cancer cell lines to chemotherapeutic drugs via inhibition of the Nrf2 pathway
      1398. Luteolin, a bioflavonoid inhibits Azoxymethane-induced colorectal cancer through activation of Nrf2 signaling
      1399. Lycopene ameliorates atrazine-induced oxidative damage in adrenal cortex of male rats by activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway
      1400. Lycopene ameliorates oxidative stress in the aging chicken ovary via activation of Nrf2/HO-1 pathway
      1401. Lycopene attenuates AFB 1-induced renal injury with the activation of the Nrf2 antioxidant signaling pathway in mice
      1402. Lycopene attenuates colistin-induced nephrotoxicity in mice via activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway
      1403. Lycopene attenuates CP/CPPS by inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammation via the interaction of NF‐κB, MAPKs and Nrf2 signaling pathways in rats
      1404. Lycopene inhibits ICAM-1 expression and NF-κB activation by Nrf2-regulated cell redox state in human retinal pigment epithelial cells
      1405. Lycopene inhibits NF-κB activation and adhesion molecule expression through Nrf2-mediated heme oxygenase-1 in endothelial cells
      1406. Lycopene relieves AFB1-induced liver injury through enhancing hepatic antioxidation and detoxification potential with Nrf2 activation
      1407. Lysophosphatidate signaling stabilizes Nrf2 and increases the expression of genes involved in drug resistance and oxidative stress responses: implications for cancer …
      1408. M is an anti-aging reagent that eliminates hyperglycemia-accelerated premature senescence in dermal fibroblasts by direct activation of Nrf2 and SIRT-1
      1409. MA24. 09 Synergy Between the KEAP1/Nrf2 and PI3K Pathways Drives Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer with an Altered Metabolism
      1410. Maggot Extracts Alleviate Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Acute Experimental Colitis via the Activation of Nrf2
      1411. Magnesium lithospermate B protects the endothelium from inflammation-induced dysfunction through activation of Nrf2 pathway
      1412. Magnolia bark extract is a potent Nrf2 activator
      1413. Majoon-e-Dabeed-ul-Ward protects lung cells against ethanol-induced cell death and activates Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway
      1414. Maltol (3-Hydroxy-2-methyl-4-pyrone) Slows d-Galactose-Induced Brain Aging Process by Damping the Nrf2/HO-1-Mediated Oxidative Stress in Mice
      1415. Mangiferin activates Nrf2-antioxidant response element signaling without reducing the sensitivity to etoposide of human myeloid leukemia cells in vitro
      1416. Mangiferin activates the Nrf2-ARE pathway and reduces etoposide-induced DNA damage in human umbilical cord mononuclear blood cells
      1417. Mangiferin upregulates glyoxalase 1 through activation of Nrf2/ARE signaling in central neurons cultured with high glucose
      1418. Marine natural product Honaucin A attenuates inflammation by activating the Nrf2-ARE pathway
      1419. Marine peroxy sesquiterpenoids induce apoptosis by modulation of Nrf2-ARE signaling in HCT116 colon cancer cells
      1420. Maslinic acid induces HO-1 and NOQ1 expression via activation of Nrf2 transcription factor
      1421. Matrine Exerts Hepatotoxic Effects via the ROS-Dependent Mitochondrial Apoptosis Pathway and Inhibition of Nrf2-Mediated Antioxidant Response
      1422. may improve neuronal injury, inhibits apoptosis, inflammation and oxidative stress by regulating the expression of ERK1/2 and Nrf2/HO-1 pathway in rats with …
      1423. MDA-7/IL-24 inhibits Nrf2-mediated antioxidant response through activation of p38 pathway and inhibition of ERK pathway involved in cancer cell apoptosis
      1424. Mechanism of action of isothiocyanates: the induction of ARE-regulated genes is associated with activation of ERK and JNK and the phosphorylation and nuclear …
      1425. Mechanism of chemical activation of Nrf2
      1426. Mechanism of isoniazid-induced hepatotoxicity in zebrafish larvae: Activation of ROS-mediated ERS, apoptosis and the Nrf2 pathway
      1427. Mechanism of Nrf2/NQO1 signal pathway in oxidative stress of gastric cancer stem cells
      1428. Mechanism of progestin resistance in endometrial precancer/cancer through Nrf2-AKR1C1 pathway
      1429. Mechanism of progestin resistance in endometrial precancer/cancer through Nrf2-survivin pathway
      1430. Mechanism of Rapid Nuclear Factor-E2-Related Factor 2 (Nrf2) Activation via Membrane-Associated Estrogen Receptors: Roles of NADPH Oxidase 1, Neutral …
      1431. Mechanisms and consequences of oxidant-induced renal preconditioning: an Nrf2-dependent, P21-independent, anti-senescence pathway
      1432. Mechanisms controlling the KEAP1-Nrf2 signaling pathway in lung cancer
      1433. Mechanisms for cancer prevention by carotenoids: The role of the antioxidant response element and the Nrf2 transcription factor
      1434. Mechanisms of activation of the transcription factor Nrf2 by redox stressors, nutrient cues, and energy status and the pathways through which it attenuates …
      1435. Mechanisms of Asthma and Allergic Inflammation: 508 Antioxidants Attenuate Airway Remodeling by Regulating NF-ÊB, Nrf2, and HIF in a Murine Model of Chronic …
      1436. Mechanisms of Nrf2 activation to mediate fetal hemoglobin induction and protection against oxidative stress in sickle cell disease
      1437. Melaleuca alternifolia Induces Heme Oxygenase-1 Expression in Murine RAW264.7 Cells through Activation of the Nrf2-ARE Pathway
      1438. Melatonin activates the Nrf2‐ARE pathway when it protects against early brain injury in a subarachnoid hemorrhage model
      1439. Melatonin alleviates aluminium chloride-induced immunotoxicity by inhibiting oxidative stress and apoptosis associated with the activation of Nrf2 signaling pathway
      1440. Melatonin ameliorates restraint stress-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in testicular cells via NF-κB/iNOS and Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway
      1441. Melatonin and tumeric ameliorate aging-induced changes: implication of immunoglobulins, cytokines, DJ-1/Nrf2 and apoptosis regulation
      1442. Melatonin attenuates LPS-induced acute depressive-like behaviors and microglial NLRP3 inflammasome activation through the SIRT1/Nrf2 pathway
      1443. Melatonin induces the expression of Nrf2-regulated antioxidant enzymes via PKC and Ca2+ influx activation in mouse pancreatic acinar cells
      1444. Melatonin modulated autophagy and Nrf2 signaling pathways in mice with colitis‐associated colon carcinogenesis
      1445. Melatonin prevents senescence of canine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells through activating Nrf2 and inhibiting ER stress
      1446. Melatonin protects H9c2 cells against ischemia/reperfusion‑induced apoptosis and oxidative stress via activation of the Nrf2 signaling pathway
      1447. Melatonin receptor activation provides cerebral protection after traumatic brain injury by mitigating oxidative stress and inflammation via the Nrf2 signaling pathway
      1448. Mesenchymal stromal cell-derived extracellular vesicles protect against acute kidney injury through anti-oxidation by enhancing Nrf2/ARE activation in rats
      1449. Metabolomics analysis reveals the association between lipid abnormalities and oxidative stress, inflammation, fibrosis, and Nrf2 dysfunction in aristolochic …
      1450. Metformin activates Nrf2 signaling and induces the expression of antioxidant genes in skeletal muscle and C2C12 myoblasts
      1451. Metformin diminishes the unfavourable impact of Nrf2 in breast cancer patients with type 2 diabetes
      1452. Metformin induces microRNA-34a to downregulate the Sirt1/Pgc-1α/Nrf2 pathway, leading to increased susceptibility of wild-type p53 cancer cells to oxidative stress …
      1453. Metformin inhibits heme oxygenase-1 expression in cancer cells through inactivation of Raf-ERK-Nrf2 signaling and AMPK-independent pathways
      1454. Metformin Promotes HaCaT Cell Apoptosis through Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species via Raf-1-ERK1/2-Nrf2 Inactivation
      1455. Metformin promotes osteogenic differentiation and protects against oxidative stress-induced damage in periodontal ligament stem cells via activation of the Akt/Nrf2 …
      1456. Metformin sensitizes endometrial cancer cells to chemotherapy through IDH1-induced Nrf2 expression via an epigenetic mechanism
      1457. Metformin sensitizes non-small cell lung cancer cells to an epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) treatment by suppressing the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway
      1458. Methane ameliorates spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats: antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic activity mediated by Nrf2 activation
      1459. Methionine sulfoxide reductase A attenuates heme oxygenase-1 induction through inhibition of Nrf2 activation
      1460. Methionine sulfoxide reductase A attenuates heme oxygenase-1 induction through inhibition of Nrf2 activation (P1377)
      1461. Methionine sulfoxide reductase B3 deficiency stimulates heme oxygenase-1 expression via ROS-dependent and Nrf2 activation pathways
      1462. Methyleugenol protects against t-BHP-triggered oxidative injury by induction of Nrf2 dependent on AMPK/GSK3β and ERK activation
      1463. Methylglyoxal Activates Chronic ER Stress Mediated Epigenetic Loss of Nrf2/Keap1 Gene Regulation in Diabetic Cataractous Lenses
      1464. Methylseleninic acid activates Keap1/Nrf2 pathway via up-regulating miR-200a in human oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells
      1465. METTL3/m6A/miRNA-873-5p attenuated oxidative stress and apoptosis in colistin induced kidney Injury by modulating Keap1/Nrf2 pathway
      1466. Micronutrient-induced activation of Nrf2 and-elevation of intracellular antioxidants for reducing oxidative stress and chronic inflammation in diabetes
      1467. MicroRNA miR-24-3p reduces apoptosis and regulates Keap1-Nrf2 pathway in mouse cardiomyocytes responding to ischemia/reperfusion injury
      1468. microRNA regulation of Nrf2 and the antioxidant response in breast cancer cells following redox therapy
      1469. MicroRNA/gene profiling unveils early molecular changes and nuclear factor erythroid related factor 2 (Nrf2) activation in a rat model recapitulating human …
      1470. MicroRNA‐1225 activates Keap1‐Nrf2‐HO‐1 signalling to inhibit TNFα‐induced osteoclastogenesis by mediating ROS generation
      1471. MicroRNA-200a activates Nrf2 signaling to protect osteoblasts from dexamethasone
      1472. MicroRNA-200a controls Nrf2 activation by target Keap1 in hepatic stellate cell proliferation and fibrosis
      1473. MicroRNA-7 activates Nrf2 pathway by targeting Keap1 expression
      1474. MicroRNAs mediate the senescence-associated decline of Nrf2 in endothelial cells
      1475. MicroRNAs: new players in cancer prevention targeting Nrf2, oxidative stress and inflammatory pathways
      1476. Mild oxidative stress activates Nrf2 in astrocytes, which contributes to neuroprotective ischemic preconditioning
      1477. Mild ozonisation activates antioxidant cell response by the Keap1/Nrf2 dependent pathway
      1478. Mini-GAGR, an intranasally applied polysaccharide, activates the neuronal Nrf2-mediated antioxidant defense system
      1479. Minocycline attenuates sevoflurane-induced cell injury via activation of Nrf2
      1480. MiR-141 activates Nrf2-dependent antioxidant pathway via down-regulating the expression of Keap1 conferring the resistance of hepatocellular carcinoma cells to 5 …
      1481. miR‑144‑3p regulates the resistance of lung cancer to cisplatin by targeting Nrf2
      1482. MiR-153 regulates cardiomyocyte apoptosis by targeting Nrf2/HO-1 signaling
      1483. miR-155 mediates arsenic trioxide resistance by activating Nrf2 and suppressing apoptosis in lung cancer cells
      1484. miR-200a regulates Nrf2 activation by targeting Keap1 mRNA in breast cancer cells
      1485. MiR-206-mediated c-MET suppression modulates BCRP/ABCG2 levels in Nrf2-silenced cancer cells
      1486. MiR‐21‐Mediated Suppression of Smad7 Induces TGF β1 and Can Be Inhibited by Activation of Nrf2 in Alcohol‐Treated Lung Fibroblasts
      1487. MiR-455-3p activates Nrf2/ARE signaling via HDAC2 and protects osteoblasts from oxidative stress
      1488. MiR-7 involves the activation of Nrf2 pathway by targeting Keap1 in epileptic seizure
      1489. miRNA influences in Nrf2 pathway interactions within cancer models
      1490. Mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with increased oxidative stress and inflammation, and Nrf2-mediated antioxidant dysregulation with frail aging
      1491. Mitochondrial permeabilization without caspase activation mediates the increase of basal apoptosis in cells lacking Nrf2
      1492. Mitochondrion-mediated apoptosis induced by acrylamide is regulated by a balance between Nrf2 antioxidant and MAPK signaling pathways in PC12 cells
      1493. Mkp-1 cross-talks with Nrf2/Ho-1 pathway protecting against intestinal inflammation
      1494. Moderate Nrf2 Activation by Genetic Disruption of Keap1 Has Sex-Specific Effects on Bone Mass in Mice
      1495. Modification of platinum sensitivity by KEAP1/Nrf2 signals in non-small cell lung cancer
      1496. Modulation of gene expression by cancer chemopreventive dithiolethiones through the Keap1-Nrf2 pathway Identification of novel gene clusters for cell survival
      1497. Modulation of Nrf2 signaling pathway by nuclear receptors: implications for cancer
      1498. Modulation of Nrf2-activation by Hepatitis B Virus
      1499. Modulation of Nuclear Factor E2-related Factor-2 (Nrf2) Activation by the Stress Response Gene Immediate Early Response-3 (IER3) in Colonic Epithelial Cells A …
      1500. Modulation of oxidative stress, inflammation, autophagy and expression of Nrf2 in hippocampus and frontal cortex of rats fed with açaí-enriched diets
      1501. Modulations of Keap1-Nrf2 signaling axis by TIIA ameliorated the oxidative stress-induced myocardial apoptosis
      1502. Molecular alterations in a mouse cardiac model of friedreich ataxia: an impaired Nrf2 response mediated via upregulation of keap1 and activation of the Gsk3β …
      1503. Molecular Crosstalk between Nrf2/Keap1 Signaling Pathway, Autophagy and Necrosis in Auditory Cells
      1504. Molecular cross-talk between the Nrf2/KEAP1 signaling pathway, autophagy, and apoptosis
      1505. Molecular effects of baicalein in Hct116 cells and Caenorhabditis elegans: activation of the Nrf2 signaling pathway and prolongation of lifespan
      1506. Molecular evolution of antioxidant and hypoxia response in long-lived, cancer-resistant blind mole rats: The Nrf2–Keap1 pathway
      1507. Molecular mechanism of human Nrf2 activation and degradation: role of sequential phosphorylation by protein kinase CK2
      1508. Molecular mechanism of Nrf2 activation by oxidative stress
      1509. Molecular mechanisms of the Keap1–Nrf2 pathway in stress response and cancer evolution
      1510. MON-315 Transcription Factor Nrf2 May Serve as a Master Regulator of Immune Modulation and Lung Cancer Progression
      1511. Monitoring antioxidant induced chemosensitization in triple negative breast cancer cells by Nrf2-luciferase fusion protein
      1512. Monosodium urate crystals trigger Nrf2-and heme oxygenase-1-dependent inflammation in THP-1 cells
      1513. Moracin attenuates LPS-induced inflammation in nucleus pulposus cells via Nrf2/HO-1 and NF-κB/TGF-β pathway
      1514. Morin activates the Nrf2-ARE pathway and reduces oxidative stress-induced DNA damage in pancreatic beta cells
      1515. Morin exerts cytoprotective effects against oxidative stress in C2C12 myoblasts via the upregulation of Nrf2-dependent HO-1 expression and the activation of …
      1516. Morinda citrifolia and Its Active Principle Scopoletin Mitigate Protein Aggregation and Neuronal Apoptosis through Augmenting the DJ-1/Nrf2/ARE Signaling Pathway
      1517. Moringa isothiocyanate activates Nrf2: potential role in diabetic nephropathy
      1518. Mst1 contributes to nasal epithelium inflammation via augmenting oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in a manner dependent on Nrf2 inhibition
      1519. mTORC2 facilitates endothelial cell senescence by suppressing Nrf2 expression via the AKT/GSK-3β/C/EBPα signaling pathway
      1520. Mulberry anthocyanin extract ameliorates oxidative damage in HepG2 cells and prolongs the lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans through MAPK and Nrf2 pathways
      1521. Mulberry crude extracts induce Nrf2 activation and expression of detoxifying enzymes in rat liver: Implication for its protection against NP-induced toxic effects
      1522. Muscle contractile activity-mediated regulation of antioxidant enzymes in oxidative muscle requires p62/SQSTM1 phosphorylation-induced Nrf2 activation
      1523. Mutant huntingtin activates Nrf2-responsive genes and impairs dopamine synthesis in a PC12 model of Huntington’s disease
      1524. Mutant p53 confers chemoresistance in non-small cell lung cancer by upregulating Nrf2
      1525. Mutant p53 tunes the Nrf2-dependent antioxidant response to support survival of cancer cells
      1526. Mutant p53, Stabilized by Its Interplay with HSP90, Activates a Positive Feed-Back Loop Between Nrf2 and p62 that Induces Chemo-Resistance to Apigenin …
      1527. Mutant p53–Nrf2 axis regulates the proteasome machinery in cancer
      1528. Mutation of the Nrf2 gene in non-small cell lung cancer
      1529. Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Promotes Autophagy in THP-1 Macrophages via Nrf2
      1530. Mycoplasma gallisepticum-induced structural damage and attenuated oxidative stress and apoptosis in chicken thymus through the Nrf2/HO-1 defence …
      1531. MyD88 is a mediator for the activation of Nrf2
      1532. Myofibrillogenesis regulator-1 attenuated hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced apoptosis by inhibiting the PERK/Nrf2 pathway in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes
      1533. Myricetin ameliorates brain injury and neurological deficits via Nrf2 activation after experimental stroke in middle-aged rats
      1534. Myricitrin attenuates high glucose-induced apoptosis through activating Akt-Nrf2 signaling in H9c2 cardiomyocytes
      1535. n-3 Polyunsaturated fatty acids induce acute myeloid leukemia cell death associated with mitochondrial glycolytic switch and Nrf2 pathway activation
      1536. N-acetylcysteine alleviates fluoride-induced testicular apoptosis by modulating IRE1α/JNK signaling and nuclear Nrf2 activation
      1537. N-acetylcysteine attenuates PM2. 5-induced apoptosis by ROS-mediated Nrf2 pathway in human embryonic stem cells
      1538. NADPH oxidase and Nrf2 regulate gastric aspiration–induced inflammation and acute lung injury
      1539. NADPH Oxidase Limits Lung Inflammation through Nrf2 and NF-κB Pathways.
      1540. Nadroparin sodium activates Nrf2/HO-1 pathway in acetic acid-induced colitis in rats
      1541. Nanoceria restrains PM2. 5-induced metabolic disorder and hypothalamus inflammation by inhibition of astrocytes activation related NF-κB pathway in Nrf2 deficient …
      1542. Nanoceria suppresses multiple low doses of streptozotocin-induced Type 1 diabetes by inhibition of Nrf2/NF-κB pathway and reduction of apoptosis
      1543. Nano-chemotherapeutic efficacy of (−)-epigallocatechin 3-gallate mediating apoptosis in A549 cells: Involvement of reactive oxygen species mediated Nrf2 …
      1544. Nardosinanone N suppresses LPS-induced macrophage activation by modulating the Nrf2 pathway and mPGES-1
      1545. Naringenin Ameliorates Behavioral Dysfunction and Neurological Deficits in a d-Galactose-Induced Aging Mouse Model Through Activation of PI3K/Akt/Nrf2 Pathway
      1546. Naringenin ameliorates progression of endometriosis by modulating Nrf2/Keap1/HO1 axis and inducing apoptosis in rats
      1547. Naringenin attenuates CCl4‐induced hepatic inflammation by the activation of an Nrf2‐mediated pathway in rats
      1548. Naringenin exerts cytoprotective effect against paraquat-induced toxicity in human bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells through Nrf2 activation
      1549. Naringenin protects against 6-OHDA-induced neurotoxicity via activation of the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway
      1550. Naringenin-induced HO-1 ameliorates high glucose or free fatty acids-associated apoptosis via PI3K and JNK/Nrf2 pathways in human umbilical vein endothelial cells
      1551. Naringin protects against anoxia/reoxygenation-induced apoptosis in H9c2 cells via the Nrf2 signaling pathway
      1552. Natural compounds existing cancer chemopreventive effect via nuclear factor E2-related factor 2/antioxidant responsive element (Nrf2/ARE) pathway
      1553. Natural product celastrol suppressed macrophage M1 polarization against inflammation in diet-induced obese mice via regulating Nrf2/HO-1, MAP kinase and …
      1554. Natural products for cancer prevention associated with Nrf2–ARE pathway
      1555. Naturally-derived diterpenoid sphaeropsidin C as an activator of Nrf2/ARE pathway and its potential capability of relieving intracellular oxidative stress in …
      1556. n-Butyl-α-D-fructofuranoside Isolated from Ulmus davidiana Enhances Nrf2 Activity Through Activation of JNK
      1557. Neferine prevents autophagy induced by hypoxia through activation of Akt/mTOR pathway and Nrf2 in muscle cells
      1558. Neglected role of hydrogen sulfide in sulfur mustard poisoning: Keap1 S-sulfhydration and subsequent Nrf2 pathway activation
      1559. Nelumbo nucifera leaves protect hydrogen peroxide-induced hepatic damage via antioxidant enzymes and HO-1/Nrf2 activation
      1560. Neohesperidin Dihydrochalcone versus CCl4-Induced Hepatic Injury through Different Mechanisms: The Implication of Free Radical Scavenging and Nrf2 Activation
      1561. nephropathy in mice via anti-NF-κB/NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated inflammation, enhancement of Nrf2 antioxidant activity and inhibition of apoptosis
      1562. Nephropreventive effect of shikonin on murine LPS-induced septic acute kidney injury via Nrf2 activation with antioxidative responses
      1563. Nestin regulates cellular redox homeostasis in lung cancer through the Keap1–Nrf2 feedback loop
      1564. Neuroligin-3 protects retinal cells from H2O2-induced cell death via activation of Nrf2 signaling
      1565. Neuroprotection against 6-OHDA-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells by 5, 7-Dihydroxychromone: Activation of the Nrf2/ARE pathway
      1566. Neuroprotection Against Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury by Nrf2-Mediated Inhibition of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Signaling Pathway in Rats
      1567. Neuroprotection Against Ethanol Mediated Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis via Nrf2/ARE.
      1568. Neuroprotective action of tea polyphenols on oxidative stress-induced apoptosis through the activation of the TrkB/CREB/BDNF pathway and Keap1/Nrf2 signaling …
      1569. Neuroprotective effect of an Nrf2-ARE activator identified from a chemical library on dopaminergic neurons
      1570. Neuroprotective effect of fermented papaya preparation by activation of Nrf2 pathway in astrocytes
      1571. Neuroprotective effect of Nrf2 activator dimethyl fumarate, on the hippocampal neurons in chemical kindling model in rat
      1572. Neuroprotective effects of a traditional multi-herbal medicine Kyung-Ok-Ko in an animal model of Parkinson’s disease: Inhibition of MAPKs and NF-κB …
      1573. Neuroprotective effects of four phenylethanoid glycosides on H2O2-induced apoptosis on PC12 Cells via the Nrf2/ARE pathway
      1574. Neurovascular Dysfunction, Blood–Brain Barrier Disruption, Neuroinflammation, Amyloidogenic Gene Expression, and Cognitive Decline in Mice, Mimicking the Aging …
      1575. New addiction to the Nrf2‐related factor NRF3 in cancer cells: Ubiquitin‐independent proteolysis through the 20S proteasome
      1576. NFE2L2/Nrf2 silencing-inducible miR-206 targets c-MET/EGFR and suppresses BCRP/ABCG2 in cancer cells
      1577. NF-κ B and Nrf2 signaling pathways contribute to wogonin-mediated inhibition of inflammation-associated colorectal carcinogenesis
      1578. NGF protects neuroblastoma cells against β‐amyloid‐induced apoptosis via the Nrf2/HO‐1 pathway
      1579. Ni (II) activates the Nrf2 signaling pathway in human monocytic cells
      1580. Niga-ichigoside F1 ameliorates high-fat diet-induced hepatic steatosis in male mice by Nrf2 activation
      1581. Nimesulide-induced electrophile stress activates Nrf2 in human hepatocytes and mice but is not sufficient to induce hepatotoxicity in Nrf2-deficient mice
      1582. Nitric oxide activates an Nrf2/sulfiredoxin antioxidant pathway in macrophages
      1583. Nitric oxide activates Nrf2 through S-nitrosylation of Keap1 in PC12 cells
      1584. Nitric oxide activation of Keap1/Nrf2 signaling in human colon carcinoma cells
      1585. Nitric oxide induces Keap1 S-nitrosation, Nrf2 translocation, and transcriptional activation of detoxifying and antioxidant enzymes in human colon cancer HCT116 cells
      1586. Nitric oxide-induced transcriptional up-regulation of protective genes by Nrf2 via the antioxidant response element counteracts apoptosis of neuroblastoma cells
      1587. Nitro-oleic acid ameliorates oxygen and glucose deprivation/re-oxygenation triggered oxidative stress in renal tubular cells via activation of Nrf2 and suppression of …
      1588. Nitroxide delivery system for Nrf2 activation and skin protection
      1589. Non-Canonical Activation of Nrf2 by Dimercaptopropanol as a Treatment for Huntington’s Disease
      1590. Non-canonical activation of Nrf2: New insights and its relevance to disease
      1591. Noncanonical SQSTM1/p62-Nrf2 pathway activation mediates proteasome inhibitor resistance in multiple myeloma cells via redox, metabolic and …
      1592. Non-covalent Nrf2 Activation Confers Greater Cellular Protection than Covalent Activation
      1593. Non-electrophilic activation of the Nrf2 pathway ameliorated experimental Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis ADD YOUR LOGOS
      1594. Non-esterified fatty acids activate the ROS–p38–p53/Nrf2 signaling pathway to induce bovine hepatocyte apoptosis in vitro
      1595. Nonstructural protein 1 of tick-borne encephalitis virus induces oxidative stress and activates antioxidant defense by the Nrf2/ARE pathway
      1596. Nordihydroguaiaretic acid activates the antioxidant pathway Nrf2/HO-1 and protects cerebellar granule neurons against oxidative stress
      1597. Nordihydroguaiaretic acid induces Nrf2 nuclear translocation in vivo and attenuates renal damage and apoptosis in the ischemia and reperfusion model
      1598. Norepinephrine provides short-term neuroprotection against Aβ1–42 by reducing oxidative stress independent of Nrf2 activation
      1599. Notoginsenoside R1-mediated neuroprotection involves estrogen receptor-dependent crosstalk between Akt and ERK1/2 pathways: a novel mechanism of Nrf2/ARE …
      1600. Novel biphenyl diester derivative AB-38b inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome through Nrf2 activation in diabetic nephropathy
      1601. Novel function of transcription factor Nrf2 as an inhibitor of RON tyrosine kinase receptor-mediated cancer cell invasion
      1602. Novel Nrf2/ARE Activator, trans-Coniferylaldehyde, Induces a HO-1-Mediated Defense Mechanism through a Dual p38α/MAPKAPK-2 and PK-N3 Signaling Pathway
      1603. novel nutritional supplement containing chromium picolinate, phosphatidylserine, docosahexaenoic acid, and boron activates the antioxidant pathway Nrf2/HO-1 and …
      1604. Novel perspectives in cancer chemoprevention via Nrf2 pathway: from pharmacogenomics to pharmacoepigenetics
      1605. Novel protective mechanism of reducing renal cell damage in diabetes: activation AMPK by AICAR increased Nrf2/OGG1 proteins and reduced oxidative DNA …
      1606. NQO1 and Nrf2 genotypes, iron intake, and breast cancer risk.
      1607. Nrf1 and Nrf2 mediated regulation of androgen receptor signaling in androgen-independent prostate cancer cells
      1608. Nrf1 and Nrf2 Mediated Regulation of Androgen Receptor Signaling in Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer
      1609. Nrf1 and Nrf2 transcription factors regulate androgen receptor transactivation in prostate cancer cells
      1610. Nrf2 activates a partial Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and is maximally present in a hybrid Epithelial/Mesenchymal phenotype
      1611. Nrf2 activates augmenter of liver regeneration (ALR) via antioxidant response element and links oxidative stress to liver regeneration
      1612. Nrf2 activation ameliorates cytotoxic effects of arsenic trioxide in acute promyelocytic leukemia cells through increased glutathione levels and arsenic efflux from cells
      1613. Nrf2 activation ameliorates hepatotoxicity induced by a heme synthesis inhibitor
      1614. Nrf2 activation and down-regulation of HMGB1 and MyD88 expression by amnion membrane extracts in response to the hypoxia-induced injury in cardiac …
      1615. Nrf2 activation and fetal hemoglobin induction in sickle cell disease
      1616. Nrf2 Activation and Its Coordination with the Protective Defense Systems in Response to Electrophilic Stress
      1617. Nrf2 Activation And The Role Of NADPH Oxidase And Nrf2 In The Production Of Interferon-³ (IFN-³) By Lung Neutrophils During Pneumococcal Pneumonia In Mice
      1618. Nrf2 activation as a future target of therapy for chronic diseases
      1619. Nrf2 activation as a key event triggered by skin sensitisers: The development of the stable KeratinoSens reporter gene assay
      1620. Nrf2 Activation as a Protective Feedback to Limit Cell Death in High Glucose‐Exposed Cardiomyocytes
      1621. Nrf2 activation as target to implement therapeutic treatments
      1622. Nrf2 activation attenuates both orthodontic tooth movement and relapse
      1623. Nrf2 activation attenuates genetic endoplasmic reticulum stress induced by a mutation in the phosphomannomutase 2 gene in zebrafish
      1624. Nrf2 Activation Attenuates Hemolysis but Promotes Pulmonary Vascular Dysfunction in Sickle Mice
      1625. Nrf2 activation attenuates the early suppression of mitochondrial respiration due to the α-synuclein overexpression
      1626. Nrf2 activation but not vitamin C treatment promotes proteostatic maintenance during an oxidative challenge
      1627. Nrf2 activation by 5-lipoxygenase metabolites in human umbilical vascular endothelial cells
      1628. Nrf2 activation by antioxidant antidiabetic agents accelerates tumor metastasis
      1629. Nrf2 activation by curcumin improves exercise performance of mice with chronic heart failure
      1630. Nrf2 Activation by Dimercaptopropanol Attenuates Mutant Huntingtin Toxicity
      1631. Nrf2 Activation by SK-119 Attenuates Oxidative Stress, UVB, and LPS-Induced Damage
      1632. Nrf2 activation by sulforaphane restores the age-related decrease of TH1 immunity: Role of dendritic cells
      1633. Nrf2 activation by tauroursodeoxycholic acid in experimental models of Parkinson’s disease
      1634. Nrf2 activation by TUDCA in experimental models of Parkinson’s disease
      1635. Nrf2 activation diminishes during adipocyte differentiation of ST2 cells
      1636. Nrf2 activation drive macrophages polarization and cancer cell epithelial-mesenchymal transition during interaction
      1637. Nrf2 Activation Enhances Biliary Excretion of Sulfobromophthalein by Inducing Glutathione-S-Transferase Activity
      1638. Nrf2 activation impairs quiescence and bone marrow reconstitution capacity of hematopoietic stem cells
      1639. Nrf2 activation in astrocytes contributes to spinal cord ischemic tolerance induced by hyperbaric oxygen preconditioning
      1640. Nrf2 activation in astrocytes protects against neurodegeneration in mouse models of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
      1641. Nrf2 activation in cancer: from DNA to protein
      1642. Nrf2 activation in myeloid cells and endothelial cells differentially mitigates sickle cell disease pathology in mice
      1643. Nrf2 activation in osteoblasts suppresses osteoclastogenesis via inhibiting IL-6 expression.
      1644. Nrf2 activation in the liver of rats subjected to a preconditioning sub-chronic iron protocol
      1645. Nrf2 activation in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases: a focus on its role in mitochondrial bioenergetics and function
      1646. Nrf2 activation induced by Sirt1 ameliorates acute lung injury after intestinal ischemia/reperfusion through NOX4-mediated gene regulation
      1647. Nrf2 activation inhibits both TGF-β1-and IL-13-mediated periostin expression in fibroblasts: benefit of cinnamaldehyde for antifibrotic treatment
      1648. Nrf2 activation inhibits effects of thrombin in human amnion cells and thrombin-induced preterm birth in mice
      1649. Nrf2 activation involves an oxidative-stress independent pathway in tetrafluoroethylcysteine-induced cytotoxicity
      1650. Nrf2 activation is a potential therapeutic approach to attenuate diabetic retinopathy
      1651. Nrf2 activation is associated with Z-DNA formation in the human HO-1 promoter
      1652. Nrf2 activation is involved in ozonated human serum upregulation of HO-1 in endothelial cells
      1653. Nrf2 activation is required for curcumin to induce lipocyte phenotype in hepatic stellate cells
      1654. Nrf2 activation is required for ligustrazine to inhibit hepatic steatosis in alcohol-preferring mice and hepatocytes
      1655. Nrf2 activation mediates tumor-specific hepatic stellate cells-induced DIgR2 expression in dendritic cells
      1656. Nrf2 activation prevents cadmium-induced acute liver injury
      1657. Nrf2 activation promotes keratinocyte survival during early skin carcinogenesis via metabolic alterations
      1658. Nrf2 activation promotes lung cancer metastasis by inhibiting the degradation of Bach1
      1659. Nrf2 activation protects against intratracheal LPS induced mouse/murine acute respiratory distress syndrome by regulating macrophage polarization
      1660. Nrf2 activation protects against lithium-induced nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
      1661. Nrf2 activation protects against solar-simulated ultraviolet radiation in mice and humans
      1662. Nrf2 activation protects cells from HEMA-induced apoptosis
      1663. Nrf2 Activation Protects Mouse Beta Cells from Glucolipotoxicity by Restoring Mitochondrial Function and Physiological Redox Balance
      1664. Nrf2 activation protects the liver from ischemia/reperfusion injury in mice
      1665. Nrf2 activation provides atheroprotection in diabetic mice through concerted upregulation of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and autophagy mechanisms
      1666. Nrf2 Activation Rescues Dendritic Pathology in hPSC-Derived And Primary Neuron Based Models of Parkinson’s Disease
      1667. Nrf2 activation restores disease related metabolic deficiencies in olfactory neurosphere-derived cells from patients with sporadic Parkinson’s disease
      1668. Nrf2 activation skews murine and human CD4 T cell differentiation towards a Th2 phenotype
      1669. Nrf2 activation supports cell survival during hypoxia and hypoxia/reoxygenation in cardiomyoblasts; the roles of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species
      1670. Nrf2 activation suppresses production of T cell cytokines and IgM in C57BL/6 mice (90.26)
      1671. Nrf2 activation through the PI3K/GSK-3 axis protects neuronal cells from Aβ-mediated oxidative and metabolic damage
      1672. Nrf2 activation via Keap1 deletion or sulforaphane treatment reduces Ova-induced sinonasal inflammation.
      1673. Nrf2 activation: a potential strategy for the prevention of acute mountain sickness
      1674. Nrf2 activation-induced hepatic VLDLR overexpression in response to oxidative stress contributes to alcoholic liver disease in mice
      1675. Nrf2 activator ameliorates hemorrhagic transformation in focal cerebral ischemia under warfarin anticoagulation
      1676. Nrf2 activator corosolic acid meliorates alloxan induced diabetic nephropathy in mice
      1677. Nrf2 activator for the treatment of kidney diseases
      1678. Nrf2 activator RS9 suppresses pathological ocular angiogenesis and hyperpermeability
      1679. Nrf2 activator RTA-408 protects against ozone-induced acute asthma exacerbation by suppressing ROS and γδT17 cells
      1680. Nrf2 activator, sulforaphane ameliorates autism-like symptoms through suppression of Th17 related signaling and rectification of oxidant-antioxidant imbalance in …
      1681. Nrf2 addiction in cancer cells
      1682. Nrf2 addiction in lung cancer cells and its impact on cancer therapy
      1683. Nrf2 alters androgen metabolism in DHEA+ TGFB1-induced reactive prostate stromal cells and PSA expression in cocultured LAPC4 cancer epithelial cells
      1684. Nrf2 and C/EBPβ-mediated transactivation of hepatic glutathione S-transferase gene by cancer chemopreventive isothiocyanates
      1685. Nrf2 and cancer: the good, the bad and the importance of context
      1686. Nrf2 and KEAP1 mutations: permanent activation of an adaptive response in cancer
      1687. Nrf2 and NF-κB and their concerted modulation in cancer pathogenesis and progression
      1688. Nrf2 and NF-κB signaling pathways contribute to porphyra-334-mediated inhibition of UVA-induced inflammation in skin fibroblasts
      1689. Nrf2 and notch signaling in lung cancer: near the crossroad
      1690. Nrf2 and Nrf1 signaling and ER stress crosstalk: implication for proteasomal degradation and autophagy
      1691. Nrf2 and p53: Januses in cancer?
      1692. Nrf2 and P73 polymorphisms in Egyptian women with breast cancer
      1693. Nrf2‐ and PGC‐1α‐deficient mice: A novel animal model for impaired autophagy in AMD?
      1694. Nrf2 and RIP140 as new therapeutic targets for X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD): Control of redox/metabolic homeostasis and inflammation
      1695. Nrf2 and the Hallmarks of Cancer
      1696. Nrf2 as a target for cancer chemoprevention
      1697. Nrf2 binding to a novel antioxidant response element locus in the Gclc promoter: a compensatory means for the loss of glutathione synthetic capacity in the aging rat …
      1698. Nrf2 blockade suppresses colon tumor angiogenesis by inhibiting hypoxia-induced activation of HIF-1α
      1699. Nrf2 But Not Autophagy Activation Is Associated with Resistance to EGFR Inhibitor-Induced Lung Tumor Cell Apoptosis
      1700. Nrf2 but not autophagy inhibition is associated with the survival of wild-type epidermal growth factor receptor non-small cell lung cancer cells
      1701. Nrf2 confers radioresistance by regulating cancer stem trait in lung cancer cells
      1702. Nrf2 Contributes to Cisplatin Resistance via Suppressing the Iron Export Related Gene SLC40A1 in Human Ovarian Cancer Cells
      1703. Nrf2 controls proteostasis through the transcriptional regulation of autophagy
      1704. Nrf2 cysteine residues are critical for oxidant/electrophile-sensing, Keap1-dependent ubiquitination-proteasomal degradation, and transcription activation
      1705. Nrf2 cysteine residues are critical for oxidant/electrophile-sensing, Kelch-like ECH-associated protein-1-dependent ubiquitination-proteasomal degradation, and …
      1706. Nrf2 deficiency aggravates Angiotensin II-induced cardiac injury by increasing hypertrophy and enhancing IL-6/STAT3-dependent inflammation
      1707. Nrf2 Deficiency Attenuates Synaptic Plasticity in Mice, Mimicking the Aging Phenotype
      1708. Nrf2 deficiency causes lipid oxidation, inflammation, and matrix-protease expression in DHA-supplemented and UVA-irradiated skin fibroblasts
      1709. Nrf2 deficiency exacerbates obesity-induced neurovascular uncoupling in mice, mimicking the aging phenotype
      1710. Nrf2 Deficiency Exacerbates Oxidative Stress and Microvessel Susceptibility to Inflammation in Diabetic Rats
      1711. Nrf2 deficiency in aged mice exacerbates cellular senescence promoting cerebrovascular inflammation
      1712. Nrf2 deficiency in myeloid cells is not sufficient to protect mice from high-fat diet-induced adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance
      1713. Nrf2 deficiency promotes apoptosis and impairs PAX7/MyoD expression in aging skeletal muscle cells
      1714. Nrf2 dependent over-expression of peroxiredoxins, thioredoxin, and sulphiredoxin may induce squamous carcinogenesis in human lung cancer
      1715. Nrf2 down-regulated cell line H460-N5 with Keap1 over-expression increased sensitivity to anti-cancer drugs
      1716. Nrf2 downregulates zymosan-induced neutrophil activation and modulates migration
      1717. Nrf2 drives oxidative stress-induced autophagy in nucleus pulposus cells via a Keap1/Nrf2/p62 feedback loop to protect intervertebral disc from degeneration
      1718. Nrf2 dysfunction and impaired cellular resilience to oxidative stressors in the aged vasculature: from increased cellular senescence to the pathogenesis of age-related …
      1719. Nrf2 enhances cell proliferation and resistance to anticancer drugs in human lung cancer
      1720. Nrf2 enhances resistance of cancer cells to chemotherapeutic drugs, the dark side of Nrf2
      1721. Nrf2 exerts mixed inflammation and glucose metabolism regulatory effects on murine RAW264. 7 macrophages
      1722. Nrf2 expression and activity in human T lymphocytes: stimulation by T cell receptor activation and priming by inorganic arsenic and tert-butylhydroquinone
      1723. Nrf2 expression and apoptosis in quercetin-treated malignant mesothelioma cells
      1724. Nrf2 expression is regulated by epigenetic mechanisms in prostate cancer of TRAMP mice
      1725. Nrf2 facilitates breast cancer cell growth via HIF1ɑ-mediated metabolic reprogramming
      1726. Nrf2 facilitates repair of radiation induced DNA damage through homologous recombination repair pathway in a ROS independent manner in cancer cells
      1727. Nrf2 gene mutation and single nucleotide polymorphism rs6721961 of the Nrf2 promoter region in renal cell cancer
      1728. Nrf2 genotypes, cigarette smoking, and postmenopausal breast cancer risk.
      1729. Nrf2 immunolocalization in human breast cancer patients as a prognostic factor
      1730. Nrf2 in aging–Focus on the cardiovascular system
      1731. Nrf2 in human breast cancer patients as a good prognostic factor.
      1732. Nrf2 in keratinocytes modulates UVB-induced DNA damage and apoptosis in melanocytes through MAPK signaling
      1733. Nrf2 in Keratinocytes Modulates UVB-Induced DNA Damage and Apoptosis in Melanocytes through ROS-Dependent Mechanism
      1734. Nrf2 in metabolic related inflammation in the brain
      1735. Nrf2 induced cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer by promoting CD99 expression
      1736. Nrf2 induces cisplatin resistance through activation of autophagy in ovarian carcinoma
      1737. Nrf2 induces cisplatin resistance via suppressing the iron export related gene SLC40A1 in ovarian cancer cells
      1738. Nrf2 Induction Supporting Breast Cancer Cell Survival Is Enabled by Oxidative Stress–Induced DPP3–KEAP1 Interaction
      1739. Nrf2 inhibition reverses resistance to GPX4 inhibitor-induced ferroptosis in head and neck cancer
      1740. Nrf2 inhibition reverses the resistance of cisplatin-resistant head and neck cancer cells to artesunate-induced ferroptosis
      1741. Nrf2 inhibits colitis-promoted colorectal tumorigenesis by modulating colonic inflammation
      1742. Nrf2 inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation through regulating Trx1/TXNIP complex in cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury
      1743. Nrf2 inhibits periodontal ligament stem cell apoptosis under excessive oxidative stress
      1744. Nrf2 is a key factor in the reversal effect of curcumin on multidrug resistance in the HCT‑8/5‑Fu human colorectal cancer cell line
      1745. Nrf2 is a potential therapeutic target in radioresistance in human cancer
      1746. Nrf2 Is Closely Related To Bleomycin Induced Airway Inflammation And Lung Fibrosis In Mice
      1747. Nrf2 is commonly activated in papillary thyroid carcinoma, and it controls antioxidant transcriptional responses and viability of cancer cells
      1748. Nrf2 is essential for the anti-inflammatory effect of carbon monoxide in LPS-induced inflammation
      1749. Nrf2 is overexpressed in pancreatic cancer: implications for cell proliferation and therapy
      1750. Nrf2 Is Targeted By the Polyphenol Quercetin and Induces Apoptosis, in Part, through up Regulation of Pro Apoptotic Mirs
      1751. Nrf2 is the key to chemotherapy resistance in MCF7 breast cancer cells under hypoxia
      1752. Nrf2 knockdown by shRNA inhibits tumor growth and increases efficacy of chemotherapy in cervical cancer
      1753. Nrf2 knockout enhances intestinal tumorigenesis in Apcmin/+ mice due to attenuation of anti‐oxidative stress pathway while potentiates inflammation
      1754. Nrf2 mediates cancer protection but not prolongevity induced by caloric restriction
      1755. Nrf2 mediates redox adaptation in NOX4-overexpressed non-small cell lung cancer cells
      1756. Nrf2 mediates the expression of BAG3 and autophagy cargo adaptor proteins and tau clearance in an age-dependent manner
      1757. Nrf2 mediates the induction of ferritin H in response to xenobiotics and cancer chemopreventive dithiolethiones
      1758. Nrf2 mediates the resistance of human A549 and HepG2 cancer cells to boningmycin, a new antitumor antibiotic, in vitro through regulation of glutathione levels
      1759. Nrf2 metagene as a prognostic biomarker across all stages of colorectal cancer (CRC).
      1760. Nrf2 Metagene Expression Associated with Worse Response to Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy in Rectal Cancer
      1761. Nrf2 Modulates Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Neurovascular Injury in Retinal Ischemia-reperfusion
      1762. Nrf2 modulates sensitivity to thymidylate synthase inhibitors in colon cancer cells
      1763. Nrf2 mutagenic activation drives hepatocarcinogenesis
      1764. Nrf2 mutation confers malignant potential and resistance to chemoradiation therapy in advanced esophageal squamous cancer
      1765. Nrf2 null enhances UVB-induced skin inflammation and extracellular matrix damages
      1766. Nrf2 overexpression is associated with P-glycoprotein upregulation in gastric cancer
      1767. Nrf2 pathway activation and adjuvant chemotherapy benefit in lung squamous cell carcinoma
      1768. Nrf2 pathway activation and adjuvant chemotherapy benefit in lung squamous cell carcinoma David W. Cescon, Desmond She, 2 Shingo Sakashita, 2, 5 …
      1769. Nrf2 pathway activation contributes to anti-fibrosis effects of ginsenoside Rg1 in a rat model of alcohol-and CCl 4-induced hepatic fibrosis
      1770. Nrf2 pathway activation upon rotenone treatment in human iPSC-derived neural stem cells undergoing differentiation towards neurons and astrocytes
      1771. Nrf2 pathway regulates multidrug-resistance-associated protein 1 in small cell lung cancer
      1772. Nrf2 promotes breast cancer cell migration via up‐regulation of G6PD/HIF‐1α/Notch1 axis
      1773. Nrf2 promotes breast cancer cell proliferation and metastasis by increasing RhoA/ROCK pathway signal transduction
      1774. Nrf2 promotes esophageal cancer cell proliferation via metabolic reprogramming and ROS detoxification
      1775. Nrf2 promotes oesophageal cancer cell proliferation via metabolic reprogramming and detoxification of reactive oxygen species
      1776. Nrf2 promotes progression of non-small cell lung cancer through activating autophagy
      1777. Nrf2 promotes the development of fibrosis and tumorigenesis in mice with defective hepatic autophagy
      1778. Nrf2 promotes tumor maintenance by modulating mRNA translation in pancreatic cancer
      1779. Nrf2 protects against acute lung injury and inflammation by modulating TLR4 and Akt signaling
      1780. Nrf2 protects against diabetic dysfunction of endothelial progenitor cells via regulating cell senescence
      1781. Nrf2 protects stellate cells from Smad-dependent cell activation
      1782. Nrf2 protects the lung against inflammation induced by titanium dioxide nanoparticles: a positive regulator role of Nrf2 on cytokine release
      1783. Nrf2 protein acetylation contributes to ABCC1-mediated chemoresistance and glutathione-mediated survival in acquired topoisomerase II poison-resistant cancer …